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Standard of Proof in Civil Cases Archives - LegalDigitalNG
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1. Effect of an Issue for Determination not relating to any Ground of Appeal
1.Power Of The Attorney-General
1961
1965
199 constitution
1999 constitution
2002
2006
A claim for trespass is not dependent of declaration of title
a claim for tresspass and injunction may succeed
A customary tenancy is determined by forfeiture
A debt must fall due before power of sale can be exercised
A declaration made under Traditional Rulers and Chiefs Edict 1979 of Bendel State is administrative in nature as well as executive and not a judicial act
A document can be tendered by a party to it or by one who has proper custody of it
A ground of appeal should not allege both error of law and a misdirection all at the same time.
A guarantor can be sued independently of the debtor
A Notice of acquisition to be served on owner or occupier
A party may plead a document by pleading its effect as a fact
A Party Seeking the Invocation of a Rule of Court is to Prove that Non-Compliance with the Rule Has Caused Injustice to Him
A plaintiff must describe his land with definite certainty and it must be easily ascertainable with precise boundaries
a plaintiff must succeed on his case and not on the weakness of the defendant’s case
A registrable instrument not registered cannot be pleaded to establish title but may be prove payment
a Single Appeal Should be Filed
A Suit/Action
A trespasser can only sue one who is not the true owner
A trespasser can sue in trespass against all but the true owner
Absence of illiterate jurat
Absence of Locus Standi
Abuse Applies to Proceedings Bereft of Good Faith
abuse lies in the multiplicity and manner of exercise.
Abuse Of Court
Abuse of court process
Abuse of Court Processes
Abuse of Court/Judicial Process
Abuse Of Court/Judicial Process(es)
Abuse of Court/Judicial Processes
ABUSE OF COURT/JUDICIAL PROCESSES REPLY BRIEF
Abuse of Court/Judicial Processes.
Abuse of Process. Extradition Act
Abuse the Court’s process
Academic Issues
Academic or hypothetical question(s)/issues/suit/exercise
Academic or Hypothetical Questions
Academic or Hypothetical Questions/Issues
Academic Suit
Acceptance of Sum Paid Into Court
Acceptance of Sum Paid Into Court By One of Several Defendants
Access to Legal Representation
Accident
Accidental Shooting
Accomplice
Accrual of Cause of Action
Accused Person Resting His Case On The Prosecutions Case Record Of Appeal
Acquisition
Acquisition of Land
Acquisition of land by government from individual
Acquisition of land by Government from individuals
acquisitions
Acquittal of an Accused Person
Actio Personalis Moritur Cum Persona
Action
Action for Breach of Contract of Goods
Action for False Imprisonment
ACTION FOR INFRINGEMENT OF TRADE MARK
ACTION FOR MONEY HAD AND RECEIVED
Action In Personam
Action to recover fees
Actions Under Undefended List Procedure
Acts
Acts of possession
Acts of possession and ownership
Actual or Constructive
Actus Reus
ADDRESS OF COUNSEL
Adducing Fresh Evidence on Appeal
ADDUCING FRESH/ADDITIONAL/FURTHER EVIDENCE ON APPEAL
Adjournment
Adjournments
Adjudication
administration of estate
Administration of Estate – Executor De Son Tort
Administration of Estate-Intestate Succession
ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE
Administrative Decision
administrative law
Admiralty and maritime law
Admiralty jurisdiction
Admiralty Jurisdiction of Federal High Court
Admissibility
ADMISSIBILITY AND WEIGHT OF EVIDENCE/PROBATIVE VALUE
Admissibility of an Unregistered Registrable Instrument
Admissibility of Circumstantial Evidence
Admissibility of Computer-Generated Documents
Admissibility of Confessional Statement
Admissibility of document
Admissibility of document prepared in anticipation of action
Admissibility of document which bears no date of execution and/or signature
Admissibility of Documentary evidence
Admissibility of Electronic Documents
Admissibility of evidence
Admissibility of Exhibits
Admissibility of Extrinsic Evidence
Admissibility of Hearsay Evidence
Admissibility of Medical Report in a Murder Case
Admissibility Of Public Document
ADMISSIBILITY OF SECONDARY EVIDENCE
Admissibility of Unregistered Registrable Instrument
Admissibility of Video Recorded Confessional Statement
Admissible of evidence
ADMISSION AGAINST INTEREST
Admission of evidence without more does not amount to proof of validity and correctness
Admission of fact(s)
Admission of inadmissible evidence
Admission of Liability
Admission of Owing Part of the Sum Owed – Pleadings
Admission/Admitted Fact(s)
Admission/Admitted Facts
Admissions
Admitted Facts
ADR
Adultery
Adversary has duty to controvert facts in affidavit.
Adverse possession
Affidavit
Affidavit evidence
Affidavits
affidavits serve as a statement of claim and defence; bare denial is no denial
Agency
Agency and Disclosed Principal
Agency by ratification
Agent of A Disclosed Principal
Agent Relationship
Agent/Principal relationship
Aggravated Damages
agreement
Agreement of Guarantee
Agreement to arbitrate
Agreement to Marry
Agreements
Alibi
Alien
Alienation/Transfer of Land
Allegation of bias
ALLEGATION OF FALSIFICATION OF ELECTION RESULT
Allegation of Fraud
Allegation of Non-Compliance with the Electoral Act
Allegations cannot amount to averments unless they are sufficiently particularized
Allocation of family land
Allocutus
Alloted
Allotee
Allotment and Partition
Allotment And Partition Of Family Land/Property
Alter or Vary Judgment
Alter or Vary Judgment/Slip Rule
Alteration of Constitution or Statute
Alteration of the Constitution/Statute
Alternative Claim /Alternative Reliefs
Alternative Relief
Amendment
Amendment of charge
Amendment of Court processes
AMENDMENT OF COURT PROCESSES/PLEADINGS
Amendment of Court’s Orders/ Judgments
Amendment of Election Petition
Amendment of originating processes
Amendment of Pleading
Amendment of Pleadings
Amendment of Processes
AMENDMENT OF THE CONSTITUTION
Amendments
An aggrieved party must exhaust all remedies provided in a statute before resorting to court
An Amended Law Cannot Put a Stop to Proceedings Validly Commenced
An Employer Not Bound to Give Reason for Termination
An Illegally Acquired Title is not Transferable
An instrument executed before the consent of Governor is valid but in choate until consent obtained
an offence of attempted murder is committed when there is an intent to kill and not merely to do grievous harm
AN ORDER FOR STAY OF EXECUTION CAN ONLY BE GRANTED IN RESPECT OF EXECUTORY JUDGMENT OR ORDER
Ancillary Claims
Ancillary Main/Claims
and offensive of the lis pendens doctrine.
Annual Returns
Anti-Arbitration Injunction
Anton Pillar Injunction
Any person who alleges any breach of rules of fair hearing has the burden of proof of same
Appeal
Appeal against a Final/Interlocutory Decision
Appeal against an Interlocutory Decision
Appeal against Decision
Appeal against interlocutory ruling/final decision
Appeal against Interlocutory/Final Decision
APPEAL ARISING FROM ELECTION PETITION
Appeal as a Right
Appeal as of Right
Appeal by an Interested Parties
APPEAL BY INTERESTED PARTY
Appeal Court
Appeal From Customary Court Of Appea
APPEAL FROM DECISION OF TRIAL COURT
Appeal from the LPDC
Appeal In Criminal Proceedings
Appeal must be from the Judgment of the Court Below
Appeal on grounds of Law
Appeal on Grounds of Mixed Law and Fact
Appeal to the Supreme Court
Appeal with Diligence
Appealable/Unappealable Decision
Appearance of Counsel
Appearance of counsel in trial
Appearance/entering appearance
appellate court
Appellate court’s interference
Appellate Jurisdiction
Applicable Law is Law in Force at Time of Cause of Action
Applicable Law to a Suit
Applicable law to cause of action
Application
application for amendment
Application for Amendment of Pleading
Application for Dismissal of Action
Application for Extension of Time
Application for Extension of Time to Appeal
Application For Injunction
Application for Interim Injunction
Application for Leave to Adduce Fresh Evidence on Appeal
Application For Leave to Appeal and Stay of Proceedings
APPLICATION FOR STAY OF EXECUTION OF JUDGMENT
Application for the Enforcement of Fundamental Rights
Application for Trade mark Registration
Application of Customary Law
Application of Estoppel in Case
Application of Estoppel in Cases
Application of the Doctrine of Last Seen
Application of the Principles of Fair Hearing
Application of the Public Officers Protection Act in Contractual Disputes
Application on merit
Application To Dismiss
Applications
APPLICATIONS/MOTIONS
Appointment
APPOINTMENT OF A RECEIVER/MANAGER
Appropriate time to object to a formal defect in a charge
ARBITRAL AWARD
Arbitral Awards
ARBITRAL PROCEEDINGS
Arbitral Tribunal
Arbitration
Arbitration Clause
Arbitration Agreement
Arbitration and Conciliation
Arbitration and Conciliation Act
Arbitration clause
ARBITRATOR
Arbitrator acting beyond his powers
ARGUMENT IN APPELLANT’S BRIEF
Argument on Appeal
armed robbery
Arraignment/Taking Of Plea
Arrears
Arrears of Rent
Arrest
ARREST OF JUDGMENT
Arrest of Ship
Arson
Articles of Association
Ascertainment of Damages
Ascription of Probative Value
Assault or Battery
Assessment of Credibility of Witness
ASSESSMENT OF DAMAGES
Assessment of Tax
Assignment of Debt
Attempt to commit an offence
Attempted Armed Robbery
Attempted Murder
Attitude of Appellate Court to Award of Damages by Trial Court
Attitude of appellate courts to findings of fact made by a lower court
Attitude of court to setting aside an arbitral award
Attitude of Court Towards Mistake of Counsel
Attitude of Court Towards Raising Issues Suo Motu
Attitude of Courts to ouster provisions in a statute
Attitude of the Court to Contempt of Court
Attitude of the Courts to self help
Auction sale
Audi Alterem Partem
Audit
Authentication and Signing of the Constitution
Authorised Dealer
Authority Of Counsel
Authority of Counsel to Appear in Court
authority to appear
Authorization to Sue in a Representative Capacity
Averment in a Statement
Averment in pleadings
Averment in pleadings except admitted is not evidence
Averments in Pleadings
Award of Compensation
Award of Compound Interest on Overdraft
AWARD OF COST
Award of Costs
Award of Costs/Interest on a Claim for Money
AWARD OF DAMAGES
Award of Degree/Certificate by the University
Award of Exemplary Damages
Award of General and Special damages
AWARD OF INTEREST
Award of Interest and Distinction Between Pre-Judgment and Post Judgment Interest
Bail
Bail Pending Appeal
Bail Rights Of An Accused Person
Balance of Convenience
Bank and Banking Business
bank draft
Bank loans
Bank statement in support of facts pleaded
Banker entitled to stop payment of draft to prevent fraud
Banker may consolidate accounts owned by a customer
Banker must prove how debit balance was arrived
Banker-Customer Relationship
Banking
Banking Law
Banking loan
Banking Matter
Banking Regulations
Banks Charging exorbitant interest
Banks to refrain from Charging exorbitant interest
bare denial of liability of indebtedness does not amount to a reasonable defence
Basic rules of statutory interpretation
Basis for the Remedy of Specific Performance
BE MADE PLAINTIFF WITHOUT HIS CONSENT
Benin Land Tenure System
Benin Native Land Tenure System
Benin Native Law and Custom
Benin/Bini Land Tenure System
Best Evidence of Proof of a Public Document
Best evidence of the contents of a document
Bias
Bias of Court
Bill of Exchange
Bill of lading
Bill of Lading under Shipping and Admiralty Law
Binding Contract
Binding Effect of Judgment Of Court
Bini Customary Law
Board Meetings
Board Resolutions
Bodily Trespass
Bona Fide Purchaser
Bona fide purchaser for value
Bona fide purchaser for value without notice
Bonafide Purchaser for Value without Notice
Boundary
Branch Office
Branch Office – It is Sufficient to Serve a Company’s Branch Office in Jurisdiction of the Forum
Breach of Agreement
Breach of an Agreement is Not a Criminal Offence
BREACH OF CODE OF CONDUCT
Breach of contract
breach of contract cannot be regarded as negligence
breach of fair hearing
Breach of Fundamental Rights
Breach of right to fair hearing
Breach of Rules of Fair Hearing
Breach of the Right to Fair Hearing
Breach of trust
Breach of Warranty
breach of which Attracts Interests as of Right
Brief
Brief of argument
Briefs of argument
Building
Burden and standard of proof
Burden and standard of proof in criminal case
Burden and standard of proof in criminal cases
Burden of Proof
Burden of Proof in an Election Petition Proceedings
Burden of proof in civil cases
Burden of Proof in Criminal Cases
Burden of Proof in Land Disputes
Burden of proof in land matters
Burden of Proof of Averments Alleging Crime
Burden of Proof of Illiteracy
Burden of proof of long possession
Burden of proof on the prosecution
BURDEN OF PROOF/ONUS OF PROOF
BURDEN OF PROOF/STANDARD OF PROOF
Burden of Proving Document
Burden on the Claimant
Burden/Standard of Proof
Business Law
Business Partnership
Business Relationships
C of O
Calling of Witness
Calling Of Witness(es)
Calling Of Witnesses
Calls
Candidate For Election
Candidate Nomination
Capacity of a dead person to sue or be sued in an action
Capacity to sue
Capacity To Sue And Be Sued
Capital
Capital Reduction
Case Law
Case made out by party at trial court
Case Management
CASE ON REFERENCE
Case Precedents
Categories of Contract of Employment
Categories of tenancy recognised by law
Cause Action
Cause of Action
cause of death
Cause(s) of action
CAUSE(S) OF ACTION CONCURRENT JURISDICTION
Causes of Action
Causes(s) of Action
causing death by dangerous driving
Central bank guidelines to be produced in evidence
Certificate Of Incorporation
Certificate of Occupancy
Certificate of Occupancy (C of O)
Certificate Of Return At An Election
Certified True Copy of a Public Document
Certified true copy of public document
CERTIORARI
Certiorari and Prohibition
Challenge of Records of Court
Changing an Admission Amendment
Characteristics and nature f a hire purchase agreement
Charge
Charge of Rape
Charge on the Property
Charge(s)
Charges
Chattel and property law
Cheating
CHEIFTAINCY DECLARATION
Cheque
Cheque drawn on banker
Cheque Drawn on Banker represents Order to pay the Principal
Cheque Fraud
Cheque Issuance
Chieftaincy
Chieftaincy Declaration
Chieftaincy Dispute
Chieftaincy Disputes
Chieftaincy Matter
Chieftaincy Matters
chieftancy matters
Child Abduction
Child Protection
Choice and Freedom to Change Counsel
CHOICE OF COUNSEL
Circumstance Where the Decision of a Court may be Reversed
Circumstances in which the Appellate Court will Interfere with the Exercise of Discretion
Circumstances Where Leave of Court must be Sought in Appeal Cases
Circumstances where the Court will not Entertain an Action for a Declaratory
Circumstances where the Decision of a Court may be Reversed
Circumstances wherein Court can depart from or overrule its previous decisions
Circumstantial evidence
Circumstantial Evidence in Criminal Trial
Citing of Case
civil
Civil Action
Civil Cases
Civil law
Civil litigation
Civil Procedure
CIVIL RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS
Claim Based on Repealed Law
Claim For Compensation
Claim For Damages
CLAIM FOR INTEREST
Claim for payment of professional fees
CLAIM FOR TRESPASS AND INJUNCTION
Claim for Wrongful Dismissal and Suspension
Claim for wrongful dismissal cannot be enforced by fundamental human right
Claim(s)/Relief(s)
claimant
Claimant’s Reliance on the weakness of the Defendant’s case
Claims
Claims for professional fees are outside Federal High Court jurisdiction.
Claims for Trespass
Claims for Trespass and Injunction
Claims/Reliefs
Clinical Negligence:
Co-ownership
Code of conduct for legal practitioners
Code Of Conduct Tribunal
Collective Agreement
Commencement of Action
Commencement of Action by Originating Summons
Commencement Of Actions [Originating Summons]
Commencement of Actions with Originating Summons
Commencement of an Action by Originating Summons
Commercial Contract
Commercial Dispute
Commercial law
commission
Commission Dispute
Commission Of Offence
Committal Proceedings
Common Intention
common law
Company – Liaison Office – Liaison Office is Good Enough for Purposes of Service
Company law
Company Law: Grounds for Winding Up
Company Meetings
Company Name
COMPANY SHARES
Comparison of Signatures
Compensation
Compensation for Damages
Competence of a Court
Competence of a Suit
COMPETENCE OF AN ACTION/A SUIT
Competence of an Action/Suit
COMPETENCE OF APPEAL
Competence Of Court
Competence of Grounds of Appeal
Competent witness
COMPETING INTERESTS IN LAND
competing rights of parties
Competition Law
Compilation and transmission of record of appeal
Complaint made bona fide to police
Compliance
Compliance with Rules of Court.
Compliance with the Sheriffs and Civil Process Act.
Composite plan
Compromise Judgment
Compulsory Acquisition
Compulsory acquisition of land
Computation of limitation period
COMPUTATION OF TIME
Concept of Justice
Concept of Relator Actions
Conclusiveness of Birth Certificate
Concurrent Finding(s) Of Fact(s)
Concurrent Findings
CONCURRENT FINDINGS OF FACT BY TWO LOWER COURTS GROUND OF APPEAL
Concurrent Findings of Fact(s)
Concurrent Findings Of Facts
Concurrent findings of facts by lower courts
Concurrent findings of lower Courts
Concurrent findings of the lower Court
Concurrent findings of the lower courts
Concurrent Findings Of Trial Court
Concurrent Jurisdiction
Condition for the Admissibility of Computer-Generated Documents
Condition Precedent
Condition Precedents
Condition Under Which Expert Witness Who Has No Required Qualification on the Relevant Professional Field Can Testify
Conditional Appearance
Conditions and Warranties
Conditions before new points can be raised on appeal
Conditions for a successful plea of estoppel per rem judicatam
Conditions for a Valid Sale of Family Land
Conditions for admitting Fresh Evidence on Appeal
Conditions for Conviction for a Lesser Offence
Conditions for Registration as Owners of Land
Conditions for the Transfer of Absolute Title under Customary Law
Conditions Precedent
Conditions Precedent to the Exercise of Jurisdiction
Conditions required for an agreement to qualify as a hire purchase agreement
Conditions that must be met before new points can be raised on appeal
Conditions to be met for a conviction by circumstantial evidence
Conditions to be Satisfied Before Contradiction
Conduct of Counsel
Conduct of primary elections by political parties
Confession of an accused person
Confessional statement
Confessional Statement as Proof of Commission of Crime
Confessional Statement of an Accused Person
Confessional Statements
Conflict in Affidavit
Conflict in Affidavit Evidence
conflict of interest
Conflict of Interest and Legal Representation
Conflict of Interests in Attorney-Client Relationship
conflict on material facts in affidavit evidence
Conflicting Enactments/Statutes
Conflicting Evidence
Conflicts of material facts in Affidavits
Consent judgment
Consent Judgment Valid Until Set Aside
Consent of Governor
Consent of the Family Head
Consent of the Family Head and/or Principal Members
Consequential order
Consideration
Consideration in a Contract Agreement
Consistency in Presentation of a Case
Consistency in Presentation of Case
Consolidation of accounts
Consolidation of Action
Consolidation Of Action(s)/Suit(s)
Consolidation of Applications by the Court
Consolidation of Cases
Conspiracy
Conspiracy to Commit Armed Robbery
Conspiracy to Commit Robbery
Conspiracy to Murder
Constituent of a good judgment
Constituents of a good judgment
CONSTITUTION
Constitution of a Final Judgment
Constitution of the court of appeal sitting.
Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria
Constitutional Law
Constitutional law – Interpretation of constitutional rights
Constitutional Law: Right to Fair Hearing
Constitutional Provision
Constitutional right of an Accused Person
Construction Company
Construction of Document(s)/Instrument(s)
Construction of Documents
Construction of Documents/Instruments
construction of general and specific provisions in a statute
Construction of Statute
Construction of Statutes
Constructive possession
Construing Rules
Consumer
Consumer Protection Law
Contempt
CONTEMPT OF COURT
Contempt Proceedings
Content of Documents
contentious
Contents of Pleadings
Contract
Contract Dispute
Contract law
Contract of Employment
Contract of guarantee
Contract of Insurance
Contract of Sale of Goods
Contract of Sale of Land
CONTRACT OF SALE OF LAND/PROPERTY
CONTRACT OF SERVICE/CONTRACT OF EMPLOYMENT
Contract under the Carriage By Air (Parties to Convention) Order 1958
Contract which Seeks to Circumvent Statute is Void and Unenforceable
Contractual agreement/document
Contractual Obligations
contradiction
CONTRADICTION IN EVIDENCE
Contradiction of Evidence
Contradictions in Evidence
contradictions in the evidence
Contradictions of Evidence
Contradictory Evidence
Contributory in a Winding Up Proceeding
Contributory Negligence
Conversion
Conveyance Law
Conveyancy Law
conviction
Conviction for Lesser Offence
Conviction of murder
Conviction on a Retracted Confessional Statement
coordinate jurisdiction
Copyright
Corporate Fraud
Corporate Governance
Corporate law matters
Corporate Policy
Correspondence with Government officials are private documents requiring no certification
Corrobation
corroborating evidence
Corroboration
Corroboration in Rape Trial
Corroboration/Corroborative Evidence
corroborative evidence
Corrupt Practices and Other Related Offences Act
Corruption
Cost Award
COUNSEL AS WITNESS FOR CLIENT
Counsel or Litigant not to hold the Court to ransom
Counter Affidavit
Counter Affidavit unnecessary where Affidavit of Applicant is Self-Contradictory
Counter Claim
counter claim is a cross action
Counter Claim is a separate suit
Counter Offer
Counter- Claim
Counter-Claim
Counter-Claim Documentary Evidence
Course of action is reasonable once it discloses some course or questions fit to be decided by a judge
Court
Court Appeal
Court Can Grant an Equitable Remedy Even Where Not Sought
Court Can Ignore Unnecessary Dust Aimed at Obscuring Real Issues
Court can resort to documentary evidence to resolve conflicts in affidavits or resolve conflict suo moto
Court can resort to documentary evidence to resolve conflicts in affidavits or resolve conflicts suo motu
Court cannot fragment traditional history
Court Cannot Grant Injunction to Restrain Dismissal
Court construe expropriatory statutes strictly in favour of citizens
Court does not act in vain or waste its time in fruitless exercise
court fees
Court have no jurisdiction to intervene in internal affairs of university except where civil rights of student is breached
Court Interpretation of Document
Court is not a Charitable Institution
court is to entertain application on its merit
Court jurisdiction
Court jurisdiction to entertain the suit
Court martial
Court Not to Predetermine the Substantive Suit at an Interlocutory Stage
Court Not to Punish Litigant for Error of Counsel Except if Litigant is Also Culpable
Court of Appeal
Court of Co-ordinate Jurisdiction
Court Processes
Court Raising Issue(s) Suo Motu
Court Registrar/Officials
Court should not act on inadmissible evidence
Court sitting on appeal over decision of court of coordinate jurisdiction
Court to prevent technicalities from perpetuating injustice and to determine matter on the merits
Court to Prevent Technicalities from Perpetuating Injustice and to Determine Matter on the Merits
Court will not order specific performance and awarded damages for the same breach
Court’s grant of unclaimed relief
Courts to favour citizens
Courts to take into consideration intention of law maker
Credibility of a Witness
Credibility of witness
Credibility of Witnesses
Credible Evidence
Credit assessment
Credit Bureau
Credit Information
Credit Report
Credit sale agreement
Criminal Breach of Trust
Criminal Charge
Criminal Code
Criminal Conspiracy
Criminal Investigation
Criminal Jurisdiction
Criminal law
Criminal Law and Order
Criminal Law and Procedure
Criminal Law: Mens Rea and Actus Reus
Criminal Liability/Responsibility
Criminal Procedure
criminal proceeding
Criminal Prosecution
Criminal Responsibility of a Person
Criminal Trespass Mischief Wrongful Destruction of Property
Criminal trial/Proceedings
Criteria for declaring a person winner of an elect
Cross appeal
Cross Examination
Cross River State Law No 7 2007
Cross-Appeal
Cross-Appeal/Respondent Notice
CROSS-EXAMINATION
Cross-Examination in Criminal Cases
Cross-examination of witness
Crossed cheque
Crude Oil Spill
Cruelty in Marriage
CTC PUBLIC DOCUMENT
Culpable homicide
Currency Withdrawal
Custody of a Child
Customary Agreement
Customary Arbitration
Customary Arbitrators as an Estoppel
Customary Court
Customary Land Law
Customary Land Tenure System
Customary law
Customary Law: Chieftaincy Matter
Customary Pledge
Customary right of occupancy
CUSTOMARY SALE OF LAND
CUSTOMARY TENANCY
Customs
Damages
Damages for Breach of Contract
Damages for Negligence
Damages for trespass
Damages in an action for trespass to land
Damages recoverable in detinue
Data Protection
Date for mention not to be treated as date for hearing
Death
Death of a party
Death of Party
Death Sentence
Debt Collection
Debt collection and bankruptcy cases
Debt Recovery
debt recovery. even if the party is an agency of the Federal Government
Deceased Party
Decision Of Court
Decision/Finding of Court
Decisions of National Industrial Court
Decisions on Interlocutory Proceedings
Declaration of Ownership
declaration of proof
DECLARATION OF RIGHT
Declaration of title
Declaration of Title of Land
Declaration of title to land
DECLARATORY ACTION
Declaratory and Injunctive Relief
DECLARATORY JUDGMENT
Declaratory Judgment Cannot be Stayed
DECLARATORY JUDGMENT/ORDER
Declaratory relief
Declaratory relief(s)
Declaratory Reliefs
Decree Nisi/Absolute in Matrimonial Cases
Deed
Deed of Assignment
Deed of conveyance
Deed of Legal Mortgage
Deemed and Actual Grant
Deemed and Actual Grant – Land Use Act
Defamation
Defamatory words to be pleaded
Default judgment
default of service
defeated by Malice
Defect in Customary Court Proceeedings
Defect In The Competence Of Court
defective notice of appeal
Defective Product
Defective Service Of A Valid Originating Process
Defence
Defence in criminal law
DEFENCE OF ACCIDENT
Defence of Acquiescence
Defence of acquiescence or estoppell
Defence of alibi
Defence of an Accused Person
Defence Of Insanity
Defence of Insanity in Criminal Cases
Defence of Justification
Defence of Laches and Acquiescence
Defence of Provocation
Defence of Self-Defence
Defence of Self-Defence/Provocation
Defence to an Action
Defence(s) of Accused Person(s)
Defence/Plea of Alibi
Defences of Laches and Acquiescence
Defendant
Defendant’s affidavit must condescend upon particulars
Defendant’s Witness
Defilement
Definition of “Public Officer”
Definition of “Holiday” and “Public Holiday”
Definition of Agency of the Federal Government
Definition of cause of action
Definition of decision
Definition of Detinue
Definition of the Tort of Defamation
Definition of the Word “Instrument”
DELEGATION OF POWER
Delivery
Delivery of Judgment
Delivery Of Judgment Of Federal High Court
Delta State Gubernatorial Election
Demand Letter
Demolition
Demurrer
Demurrer Jurisdiction
DEMURRER PROCEEDINGS
Denials in affidavits alleging fraud must be sufficiently particularized
Departure from previous decisions
Deposit of Title Deeds
Desirable that rate of interest be pleaded and evidence adduced
Desirable that rate of interest be pleaded and evidence adduced.
Desirable that rate of interest be pleaded and evidenced adduced
Detention of an accused person
Determination of a Statute Barred Action
DETERMINATION OF APPEAL
Determination of Cause of Action from Writ of Summons
Determining the Truth or Weight to Attach to a Confessional Statement
Detinue
Difference between a check and a draft
Difference Between Execution and Garnishee
Difference between Party to an Action and Person Interested
DIRECT ORAL EVIDENCE
Direction that all applications be heard with substantive application is for expedience and not denial of fair hearing
Director
Director’s liabilities
Directors
Discharge Declaratory judgment
Discharge Of Accused Persons
Discharge Of Contract
Discharged Declaratory Judgment
Disciplinary Proceedings for Lawyers on Professional Misconduct
Disciplinary proceedings in a higher institution
Disclosed Principal
Discontinuance made after the date for hearing
Discontinuance/withdrawal of a suit
Discontinuation of a Suit
discount houses
Discovery
Discretion of court
Discretion of Court to Disallow Evidence
discretion of the court
Discretionary power of the court
Discretionary Powers of Court to grant Stay of Execution
Disenfranchisement of voters
dismissal
Dismissal of a Public Officer
Dismissal of Action
Dismissal of an Employee
Dismissal of appeal
Dismissal of Employee
Dismissal of Suit
Dismissal should not be retrospective
Dispute Resolution
Disputes
Disqualification of Candidate
Dissenting Judgment
Dissenting Judgment is Not the Binding Judgment Final
Dissolution
Dissolution of Marriage
Distinct from Contract with Principal Debtor
Distinction between Accusatorial and Inquisitorial methods of trying an accused person
Distinction Between Admissibility of Document and Probative Value
Distinction Between Applicability of Substantive Law and Rules of Procedure
Distinction between application for stay of execution and application for injunction pending appeal
Distinction between cause of action and right of action
Distinction Between Demurrer and Jurisdiction
Distinction Between General and Special Damages
Distinction between jurisdiction based on procedural law and jurisdiction based on substantive law
Distinction Between Mandatory Injunction and Interlocutory Injunction
Distinction between objection and preliminary objection
Distinction between pleadings and evidence
Distinction between Sale and Hire Purchase
Distinctions in nature of employment
divesting a citizen of property
Dividends
Divorce
Divorce Proceedings
Doctrine Does Not Operate to Defeat Title to Property Which Had Vested before Commencement of Litigation
Doctrine of and rationale of Estoppel per Rem Judicatam
Doctrine of Equity
Doctrine of Estoppel
Doctrine Of Last Seen
doctrine of lis pendens
Doctrine of Nemo Dat Quod Non Habet
Doctrine of Part Performance
Doctrine of Pendente
Doctrine of Pendente Lite
Doctrine of Precedence
Doctrine of Recent Possession
Doctrine of Repugnancy
Doctrine of Res Ipsa Loquitu
Doctrine of Res Ipsa Loquitur
Doctrine of Res Judicata
Doctrine of Stare Decisis
Doctrine of State Decisis
document
Document Admissibility
Document Admitted for Identification
Document made in language other than English
Document made in language other than English 6. Requirement of laying foundation for reception of secondary evidence
Document of Title
Document prepared for and on behalf of illiterate
DOCUMENT RELIED ON IN A CASE
Document Tendered by Consent
Documentary evidence
Documentary evidence is hanger upon which to base other pieces of evidence
Documents
Documents Attached to an Affidavit Form Part of the Affidavit
Dollar Withdrawal
Domain name
Domestic Affair(s) Of A Tertiary Institution
Domiciliary Account
Double Compensation
Double Jeopardy
Doubt
DRP
Drug trafficking
Due Diligence
Duplicate or carbon copy of document is good as the original and constitutes primary evidence
Duties of a Court Registrar
Duties of A Registrar of Titles
Duties of Court
Duties of Court in Civil Proceeding
Duties of the Court
duty o court
Duty Of A Bank
Duty of an Agent
Duty of an Appellant
Duty of appellant counsel to ensure completeness of record
Duty of Appellant’s Counsel to ensure compilation of Record
Duty of Appellate Court
Duty of applicant to furnish Court with all necessary and vital documents for the due consideration of his application
Duty of bank
Duty of banker to honour cheques
Duty of Counsel
Duty of Counsel as a Minister in the Temple of Justice and an Officer of the Court
Duty of counsel Regarding Brief of Argument in Appeal Cases
Duty Of Court
Duty of court in interpretation of contracts
Duty of Court not to decide Issues based on Speculation
Duty of court to consider all defences available to an accused person
Duty of Court to not rewrite contracts
Duty of Court when the Issue of Jurisdiction is Raised
Duty Of Court Where Preliminary Objection Is Raised Against The Competence Of An Action
Duty of doctors to respect their patient’s wishes
Duty Of Judge
Duty of Judge to do Substantial Justice
Duty of Judge to do substantial justice and prevent undue adherence to Technicalities
Duty of Litigant
DUTY OF PARTIES
Duty of Police
Duty of Prosecution
Duty of the Appellate Court to correct errors
Duty of the court
Duty of the court and the parties to not deviate from the pleadings
Duty of the high court not to pre-empt the Court of Appeal
Duty of the Prosecution in a Criminal Trial
Duty of Trial Judge
Duty on bank
DUTY ON GOVERNMENT OF THE FEDERATION TO MAINTAIN FEDERATION ACCOUNT
DUTY ON GOVERNMENT OF THE FEDERATION TO MAINTAIN FEDERATION ACCOUNT SIMPLE CONTRACT
Duty to establish identity of land
Duty/Role of a Respondent
Dying Declaration
Easement
Economic and Financial Crimes Commission
Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC)
Edo State
Effect of a Company acting Ultra Vires
Effect of a Condition Precedent in a Contract
Effect of a Confessional Statement
Effect of a Court Hearing a Matter Where It Has No Jurisdiction
Effect of a ground of appeal
Effect of a null and void judgment/order
Effect of a Statute Barred Action
Effect of A Variation in The Composition of a Court
Effect of a variation in the composition of a court/tribunal
Effect of a written contract agreement
Effect of Admission in Pleadings
Effect of an agent acting within the scope of his authority for an undisclosed principal
Effect of an order of dismissal
Effect of an order of non-suit
Effect of an order of striking out
Effect of an unchallenged evidence
Effect of an unchallenged evidence in judgment
Effect of an Unsigned Document
Effect of Confessional Statement in Criminal Trial
Effect of Conflicting Affidavits
Effect of death of party on survival of personal or representative action.
Effect of Entering a Conditional Appearance by a Defendant
Effect of Evidence Being at Variance with Pleadings
Effect of evidence on facts not pleaded
Effect of failure to call evidence in support of pleadings
Effect of failure to file a brief of argument
Effect of Failure to File an Election Petition within the Time Frame Stipulated by the Law
Effect of failure to file an election petition within the time frame stipulated by the law
Effect of failure to institute an action against a Public Officer within the limitation period
Effect of failure to join Necessary Party
Effect of failure to obtain leave of court for extension of time to apply to set aside default judgment of court
Effect of failure to obtain Leave of Court to Appeal
Effect of failure to obtain leave of Court to appeal where same is required
Effect of Failure to Obtain Leave of Court to File Appeal
Effect of Failure to Serve Hearing Notice
Effect of Foreign Decisions on Nigerian Cour
Effect of Foreign Decisions on Nigerian Courts
Effect of Garnishee Order
Effect of Limitation Law
Effect of Non-Compliance with the Rules of Court
Effect of Noncompliance
Effect of partitioning of family land
Effect of Probate of a Will
Effect Of Raising An Issue Suo Motu Without Hearing From The Parties
Effect of Reading a Charge and Explaining to an Accused in a Language He Understands
Effect of Registration of a Chieftaincy Declaration
Effect of Sale of Family Land
Effect of Stay of Proceeding Order
Effect of Substitution and Amendment of a Charge in Criminal Cases
Effect of the Land Transfer Act1897
Effect of the Land Use Act 1978 on existing laws relating to registration of title
Effect Of The Success Of A Preliminary Objection To The Hearing Of An Appeal
Effect of Uncontroverted Facts in an Affidavit Evidence
Effect of unfiled statement of defence
Effect of Unilateral Increase by a Landlord of the Rent Payable by a Tenant
EGM
Ejection of Tenant
Ejusdem Generis
Ejusdem Generis Rule of Interpretation
ELECTION
Election Corrupt Practices
Election Law
ELECTION MATTERS
Election petition
Election Petition Appeals
ELECTION PETITION PROCEEDINGS
Election Petition Tribunal
Election Petition: Nomination And Sponsorship Of Candidate
Election Petitions
Election Result
ELECTION TO THE OFFICE OF GOVERNOR OF A STATE
Election Tribunal
Electoral Act 2010
Electoral Act 2022
Electoral Act Compliance
Electoral Dispute
Electoral Law
Electoral matters
Electoral Matters – Qualification/Disqualification
Electoral Non-compliancE
Elements of a Libellous Publication
Elements of a Valid Charge
Elements of Offence of Stealing
Elements of the Offence of Armed Robbery
Elements of the Tort of Libel
Eligibility and Disqualification
Employee Cannot Claim Wages for Services He Never Rendered
Employee who protest termination yet collects salary has not waived his rights
Employer not bound to give reason for termination
EMPLOYER/EMPLOYEE RELATIONSHIP
Employer/Emplyee Relationship
Employment and Labour
Employment Contract
Employment Dispute
Employment Termination
EMPLOYMENT WITH STATUTORY FLAVOUR
Encroachment
Endorsement of Writ
Enforcement Action
Enforcement Of Contract
Enforcement of Fundamental Human Right
Enforcement Of Fundamental Human Right(s)
ENFORCEMENT OF FUNDAMENTAL HUMAN RIGHTS
Enforcement of Fundamental Right
ENFORCEMENT OF FUNDAMENTAL RIGHT APPEAL FROM DECISION OF TRIAL COURT AWARD OF DAMAGES UNLAWFUL ARREST AND DETENTION RIGHT TO PERSONAL LIBERTY
Enforcement of Fundamental Rights
Enforcement of Judgment
Enforcement of Judgment Takes Effect Immediately Unless Stayed Where Appeal is Filed
Enforcement Procedure Rules 2009
Enlargement Of Time
Enlargement of Time to Appeal
Enlargement/Extension of Time to Appeal
Environmental Damage Litigation
Environmental law
Environmental Regulations
Equal right of parties to present final address
Equipment/Machine Leasing
Equitable Interest
Equitable interest in Land
Equitable Interest of a Beneficiary
Equitable Maxims
Equitable Mortgage
Equitable remedies
Equitable Remedy
Equity
Equity of Redemption
Equity regards as done that which ought to have been done.
ermination of a Contract of Employment
Error in Judgment
Error of Judgment
Error of law
Error/Mistake In Judgmen
ERROR/MISTAKE IN JUDGMENT
Error/Mistake of Judgment
Errors in judgement
Errors in Judgment
Essence of pleadings
Essence of Trial within Trial
Essential Component of a Good Judgment
Essential Components of a Good Judgment
Essential Elements in an Action for Negligence
Essential Ingredients for a Conviction for Murder
Essential Ingredients That Constitute A Valid Sale of Land Under Yoruba Customary Law
Essential Ingredients That Must Be Proved By The Prosecution To Ground A Conviction For Murder
Essential Qualities of a Good Brief of Argument
Estate Administration
Estimation of value to be placed on a statement
Estoppel
Estoppel (by conduct)
Estoppel by Conduct
Estoppel Per Rem Judicata
Estoppel Per Rem Judicatam
Estoppel per rem judicatam/res judicata
Estoppel Per Rem Judicatam/Res Judicata Functus Officio
Estoppel Res Judicatam
Evaluation of Evidence
EVALUATION OF EVIDENCE AND ASCRIPTION OF PROBATIVE VALUE THERETO FRESH ISSUE ON APPEAL
Evaluation of evidence of witness
Evaluation of Evidence Primary Responsibility of Trial Court
even if Not Claimed
Eviction
evidence
Evidence Act
Evidence Act 2011
Evidence at variance with pleadings is inadmissible
Evidence Does Not Become Inevitably Accepted Merely Because it is Expert Evidence
Evidence extracted during cross examination of facts which are not pleaded
Evidence Extracted During Cross-Examination
Evidence In Previous Proceedings
Evidence Law
Evidence led on document by a person not the maker is hearsay evidence and inadmissible
Evidence of a Blood Relation
Evidence of a Co-Accused Person
Evidence Of A Single Witness
Evidence of a witness
Evidence Of An Accomplice
Evidence of an Eye Witness
Evidence Of Co-Accused Person
Evidence of Non-Compliance
Evidence of Parties
Evidence of relatives in criminal prosecution
Evidence of Unpleaded Facts
Evidence of witness
Evidence of witness who lies and misleads the court is not credible
Evidence of Witnesses
EVIDENCE ON UNPLEADED FACTS
Evidence on unpleaded facts go to no issue
Evidence Wrongly Admitted by trial Judge
Evidence: Admission of Facts
Evidence: Burden of Proof in Civil Cases
Evidence: Expert Opinion
Evidence: Eye Witness Testimony
Evidence: Tainted Witness
Ex Parte Order
Ex-Parte Injunction as an Equitable Remedy
Ex-Parte Order
Ex-Parte Order of Injunction
Examination Misconduct Regulations
EXCLUSION OF ORAL BY DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE
Exclusive jurisdiction of Federal High Court
Exclusive Jurisdiction of the Federal High Court
Exclusive Jurisdiction of the National Assembly
Exclusive Jurisdiction of the National Assembly Election Tribunal
Exclusive legislative list
exclusive possession
Execution of Document
Execution of judgment
Execution of the Deed
Executor De Son Tort
EXECUTORY AND DECLARATORY JUDGMENT
Executory Judgment
Executory Judgments
Executrix
Exemplary Damages
Exemplary/Aggravated Damages
Exercise of Court’s discretion
exercise of discretion by a lower Court
Exercise of judicial power by administrative body
Exercise of Power of Sale without Notice
Exhaustion of Remedies
EXPARTE ORDER OF INJUNCTION NOT UNCONSTITUTIONAL AND WHEN TO GRANT IT
Expert evidence
Expert Opinion
Expert Opinion/Evidence
Expert witness
EXPRESSIO UNIUS EST EXCLUSIO ALTERIUS RULE
Expressio Unius Exclusio Alterius
expropriatory statutes
Expulsion
Expunge evidence
Extension of time
Extension of time to appeal
Extension of Time to File Appeal
Extension/Enlargement Of Time To Appeal
Extent of the Jurisdiction of the State High Court with respect to Defamation Cases
Extra Judicial Statement
Extraordinary General Meetings
Eye witness
eyewitness account
Fact that prior consent of Governor not obtained does not invalidate the sale
Factors Considered to Effectively Prove Special Damages
Factors for Determining a Liquidated Damage
Factors guiding exercise of Court’s discretion
Factors to be Considered in Granting or Refusing Bail
Factors to Consider when Reviewing Decision of Motive Court
Facts Or Mixed Law And Facts
failure of an appellant to file a reply brief
Failure of Counsel to Address the Court
Failure of defendant to amend statement of defence after the plaintiff amends statement of claim
Failure of Judge to Sign Originating Summons
Failure of the court of appeal to consider issues submitted
Failure of the Judge to sign Originating Summons is a mere Procedural irregularity
Failure to Administer Oath on a Witness Before Giving Evidence
Failure to Appeal Against the Finding(s) of a Court
failure to cross-examine a witness
Failure to evaluate evidence
Failure to file statement of defence
Failure to Hear Motion
Failure to Join Necessary Party
Failure to Obtain Leave
Failure to obtain Letters of Administration
Failure to Prove Title of Land
Failure to seek leave to appeal where required
Failure to Take Advantage of Opportunity to be Heard
Failure to Tender a Letter of Appointment
Failure to Tender Letter of Appointment Not Fatal
Failure to tender weapons of crime
Failure to use words in oath act not fatal if substantial compliance
Fair hearing
Fair Hearing Does Not Necessarily Mean Oral Representation
Fair Trial
False and Malicious Publication of Libelous Words
false imprisonment
False Imprisonment.
falsification of election result
family dispute
Family Land
Family land Alienation
Family law
Family property
Family Property/Land
Famly Status
Feasts and Holidays
Federal and State High Courts concurrent jurisdiction
Federal High Court
Federal High Court has no jurisdiction over simple contract
Federal High Court’s exclusive jurisdiction
Fiat from the Attorney-General
Filing – Notice of Appeal
Filing Notice of Appeal
Filing of Appeal
Filing of Briefs
Filing of Court Processes
Filing of Notice of Appeal
FILING/PRESENTATION OF ELECTION PETITION
Filings
Final Address
Final Judgment
FINAL JUDGMENT/ORDER
Final/Interlocutory Judgment
Final/Interlocutory Judgments
finance
Finding not appealed against is binding
Finding of Fact
Finding(s) Of Fact(s)
Findings of fact by trial court
FINDINGS OF FACTS
FINE
FIRS
Fishing and Aquatic Livelihoods
For court to be competent
Foreign Company
Foreign Company Incorporated Outside Nigeria
Foreign Currency Domiciliary Account
Foreign Decision
Foreign Exchange Markets
Foreign law/case
Forfeiture
Forfeiture and Disposition of Property
Forfeiture of Customary Tenancy
forged cheque
Forgery
Forgery of Cheque
Form of a counter affidavit
Form of a Counter-Affidavit
Formation and Elements of a Valid Contract
Formation of Partnership
Formulation Of Issue(S) For Determination
FORMULATION OF ISSUES FOR DETERMINATION
Formulation of Issues for Determination in an Appeal
formulation of issues for determination in an appeal
Formulation of Issues in Appeal Cases
Forum Shopping
Fraud
Fraud Allegations
Fraud Vitiates Title
Fraudulent sale
Freedom of Movement
Fresh Evidence on Appeal
Fresh Point(s) On Appeal
Fresh Point(s) On Appeal Pleadings
Fresh Points of Appeal
FRESH POINTS ON APPEAL
FRONTLOADING
FRUSTRATION
Function of Attorney-General
Function of Attorney-General to sue and be sued for acts of government
Function of Ground of Appeal and Particulars
Functus Officio
Fundamental human right
Fundamental Human Right Cases
Fundamental Human Rights
Fundamental Human Rights Enforcement
Fundamental Right
Fundamental Right (Enforcement Procedure) Rules
Fundamental Rights
Fundamental Rights Enforcement Rules
Further Appeal
Garnishee order
Garnishee Order Absolute
Garnishee order nisi
Garnishee proceedings
general and special damages in trespass
GENERAL CLAIM FOR DAMAGES
General Court Martial
General Court Martial (GCM)
General damages
General Powers of Court of Appeal
General Principles of Law Governing the Interpretation of the Constitution
General traverse
General traverse is inadequate in pleadings
Geographical Jurisdiction and Jurisdiction
Good Faith
Government Agency
Government to comply strictly with procedure for acquisition of land
Governor’s Consent
Governor’s Consent
Governorship Tribunal
Grant of an Order of Interlocutory Injunction
Grant of Application for Interlocutory Injunction before Stay of Proceedings
Grant of injunction
Grant of Land
Grant of Leave to Appeal
Grant of Letter of Administration
Granting a Stay of Proceedings pending appeal
Granting application for interlocutory injunction before stay of proceeding
granting of orders
Ground of Appeal
ground of appeal
Ground of appeal from which no issue is raised is deemed abandoned
Ground of Appeal Relating to the Ratio Decidendi
GROUND(S) OF APPEAL
Grounds for Challenging an Election
Grounds For Challenging An Election Non-Qualification Of A Candidate Filing/Presentation Of Election Petition
Grounds for Challenging Consent Judgment
Grounds for Expunging Improperly Registered Trademark
Grounds of appeal
Grounds Of Appeal and Issues for Determination
Grounds of appeal must arise from decision appealed against and challenged the ration and not obiter dicta
Grounds of Facts or Mixed Law and Facts
Grounds of Law
Grounds of Mixed Law and Facts
Guarantee
Guarantor only bound to extent of the agreement of guarantee
Guarantor Only Bound to the Extent of the Agreement of Guarantee
Guiding Principles In Interpretation Of Statutes
Guiding Principles of an Identification Parade
Guiding Principles of Self Defence
Guiding Principles on Locus Standi
Guilt
GUILT OF AN ACCUSED PERSON
Haematoma
Hand Writing Evidence
Handwriting Evidence
Handwritten Certified True Copy is Admissible
Haruna Simon Tsammani
Hearing notice
Hearing of appeal
Hearing of Case on the Merits
hearsay evidence
here the applicant is merely apprehensive; stay wont be granted
High Court
High Court (Civil Procedure) Rules of Oyo State
Hire purchase
Hire Purchase Agreement
Historical development of the Federal High Court vis-a-vis its jurisdiction
Holding Charge
Holding charge unknown to law
Holding Company
Homicide
Hostile Witness
How To Conduct a Copyright Search in Nigeria
How To Conduct a Design Search in Nigeria
How To Conduct IP Due Diligence for Mergers and Acquisitions in Nigeria
How To Conduct Skip Tracing for Debt Recovery in Nigeria
How To Defend Against Allegations of Intellectual Property Infringement in Nigeria
How To Determine The Date Of Accrual Of Cause Of Action
How To Determine Whether A Ground Of Appeal Is One Of Law
How To Draft a Cease and Desist Letter for Trademark Infringement in Nigeria
How To Draft a Patent Application in Nigeria
How To Draft Copyright Assignment Agreements in Nigeria
How To Draft Franchise Agreements for Intellectual Property in Nigeria
How To Draft Intellectual Property Clauses for Commercial Contracts in Nigeria
How To Draft Intellectual Property Policies for Organisations in Nigeria
How To Draft Trademark Coexistence Agreements in Nigeria
How To File a Claim with the Credit Bureau in Nigeria
How To File a Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) Application in Nigeria
How To File a Trademark Application in Nigeria
How To File an Intellectual Property Infringement Lawsuit in Nigeria
How To Handle Intellectual Property Disputes in Alternative Dispute Resolution in Nigeria
How To Handle Intellectual Property Rights in Technology Transfer Agreements in Nigeria
How To Handle IP Infringement on E-commerce Platforms in Nigeria
How To Handle Parallel Importation Issues in Nigeria
How To Handle Trade Secret Protection in Nigeria
How To Handle Trademark Assignment and Licensing in Nigeria
How To Issue a Demand Letter for Debt Recovery in Nigeria
How To Negotiate Intellectual Property Settlement Agreements in Nigeria
How To Prove Special Damages
How to prove traditional history based on hearsay evidence
How To Register a Copyright Work in Nigeria
How To Register a Geographical Indication in Nigeria
How To Renew a Trademark Registration in Nigeria
How To Respond to Design Examination Reports in Nigeria
How To Respond to Patent Examination Reports in Nigeria
How To Respond to Trademark Examination Reports in Nigeria
How to Set Aside a Judgment or an Order of Court
Hunting Incident
Identification Of Accused
Identification of land
Identification Parade
Identity of Land
Igiogbe
Illegal Contract
Illegal contract will not be enforced
Illegal contracts will not be enforced
ILLEGAL/VOID CONTRACT
Illegality
Illiterate jurat
Illiterate Protection Act
Immunity
Impeachment Proceedings under Constitutional Law
impersonation
Implication of Order of Non-suit
Implication or Legal Effect of an Oath
Implied Terms in a Contract
Importance and bindingness of Pleadings
Importance of Consent in all Forms of Marriage
Importance of Service of Process(es) and Effect of Failure to Serve Where Required
Improper Granting of Permanent Relief in Interlocutory Application
impugn a document
In Civil Cases Totality of Evidence to be Placed on Imaginary Scale
In multiplicity of action
Inadmissibility of Evidence
Inadmissibility of parole or oral evidence
Inappropriate Grant of Perpetual Injunction
Incidental and Supplemental Orders
Incompetent appeal
Incompetent ground of appeal
Incompetent Grounds of Appeal
Incompetent notice of appeal
Incompetent Or Void Appeal
inconsistency
Inconsistency of Provisions of an Act with the Constitution
Inconsistency Rule
Inconsistent Provisions of an Act with the Constitution
Incorporated company
Incorporation
Incorporation by Reference
Incorporation Of A Company
INCORPORATION OF COMPANY
Incorporation Of Trustees
Independent National Electoral Commission
independent power of Police to investigate and prosecute
Information
Infringement
Infringement of Design
Ingredients of a Valid Sale of Land Under Customary Law
Ingredients of Armed Robbery
INGREDIENTS OF MURDER
Ingredients of the Offence of Culpable Homicide
Ingredients of the Offence of Obtaining by False Pretences
Ingredients that must be proved to establish the Offence Of Culpable Homicide Punishable with Death
Ingredients That Must Exist to Prove the Offence of Armed Robbery
Ingredients to prove the offence of armed robbery
Inherent Jurisdiction
Inherent powers of the court
Inheritance
Injuction
Injunction
injunctions
Injunctions – Urgency
Injunctive relief
Insider Trading
Instalment payment of judgement debt
Instance when Parties can Apply for Consolidation of Appeals
Instance(S) When an Appeal Shall Lie as of Right to the Supreme Court
Instance(s) where a court can raise issue(s) suo motu and determine it without hearing parties
Instance(s) where an Appellate Court Would Allow Fresh Points of Appeal
Instance(s) where the Defence of a Superior Order will not avail an accused person
Instances where a public document will not require certification
Instances where a trial within trial will not be conducted
Instances where the Decision of Court would be Regarded as Perverse
Instances where the Supreme Court will not Interfere with Concurrent Findings of Fact(s) made by Lower Courts
instituting an action against a Public Officer within the limitation period
Institution of court action
Insufficent Evidence
Insurance
Intellectual Property
Intent/Purpose of the Provision of the Law
Intention
Intention of parties to contract
Interest
Interest awarded from date money is withheld and the other is driven court
Interest awarded from date money is withheld and the other is driven to court
Interest in Land
Interest on a claim for money
Interest on Facility
Interest on Judgment
Interest on Loan
Interest Rates
Interest to be Awarded Where Fiduciary Relationship Breached
Interest to be awarded where fiduciary relationship is breached
Interested Party
Interested Person
Interference against Interlocutory Ruling/Final Decision
Interference of Court with the Award of University Degree/Certificates
Interference of Court with the refusal of a University to release the result of a student
Interference with award of damages
Interference with Concurrent Findings of Fact(s)
Interference with concurrent finding of fact defence of self-defence
INTERFERENCE WITH CONCURRENT FINDING OF FACTS
INTERFERENCE WITH CONCURRENT FINDING(S) OF FACT(S)
Interference with concurrent findings of fact
Interference with Concurrent Findings of Facts
Interference With Evaluation Of Evidence
Interference with Evaluation of Evidence in Appeal Cases
Interference with Exercise of Discretion
Interference with finding of fact
Interference with finding(s) of fact(s)
Interference with Findings of Court
INTERFERENCE WITH FINDINGS OF FACTS
Interference with Findings of Facts/Evaluation of Evidence
Interference With The Exercise Of Court
Interference With The Exercise Of Discretion
INTERFERENCE WITH THE EXERCISE OF DISCRETION DISCRETION OF COURT
Interference With The Exercise Of Discretion Affidavit
Interference with the Exercise of Discretion made by a Trial Court
Interference with the Findings of Facts
Interference/Miscarriage of Justice
Interim and interlocutory applications
Interim and interlocutory injunction
Interim Injunctions
Interim Order
Interim Order of Injunction
Interim/Interlocutory Injunctions
Interlocutory Appeal
Interlocutory Applications/Matters
Interlocutory Injunction
INTERLOCUTORY INJUNCTIONS
Interlocutory Judgment
Interlocutory Matters/Actions
Interlocutory Stage
INTERLOCUTORY/INTERIM INJUNCTIONS
Internal Investigations
Internal Party Democracy
INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL TRANSACTION
International law
Interpleader Proceedings
Interpretation
Interpretation of a Statute
Interpretation of Contract Terms
Interpretation of Document
Interpretation of Guarantee Clause
Interpretation of Lease Agreement
Interpretation of Order 103 Rule 30(1) (2) and (3) of the English Rules of the Supreme Court
Interpretation of Order 56 Rule 16 of the High Court Rules of Eastern Nigeria
Interpretation of Order IV Rule 3 Of the Eastern Nigeria High Court Rules
Interpretation of Section 11(2) of the Anambra State Proceedings Law 1986
Interpretation of Section 128 of the Companies Decree as it relates to Court-ordered Meetings
Interpretation of Section 14 of the Evidence Act
Interpretation of Section 16 of the Court of Appeal Act 1990
Interpretation of Section 21 Of the Supreme Court Act
Interpretation of Section 22 of the Supreme Court Act
Interpretation of Section 22(3) of the Federal High Court Act
Interpretation of Section 232(1) of the 1999 Constitution
Interpretation of Section 24 of the Supreme Court Act
Interpretation of Section 28 of Land Use Act
Interpretation of Section 33 of The Sheriffs and Civil Process Law 1964
Interpretation of Section 368(3) of the Criminal Procedure Law
Interpretation of Section 369(2) of the Companies Decree
Interpretation of Section 53(1) of the Registration of Titles Act
Interpretation of Section 55(1) of the Customary Courts Edict of the Mid-Western State (No. 38 of 1966) as regards the powers exercisable by appellate courts
Interpretation of Section 61(3)(b) of the Registration of Titles Act
Interpretation of Section 8 of the Supreme Court Act as it relates to the Practice and Procedure of the Supreme Court
Interpretation of Section 98 of the Criminal Code of the East Central State
Interpretation of Sections 367 368 (1) And 369 of the Criminal Procedure Law (Cap. 31) Of the Laws of the Former Eastern Nigeria
Interpretation of Statue
Interpretation of statute
Interpretation of Statute- SS 91 and 112 of CFRN
Interpretation of statutes
Interpretation of the phrase “at the instance of any other person having an interest in the matter” as used in Section 117(6)(a) of the 1963 Constitution
Interpretation of words in a contrac
INTERPRETATION OF WORDS IN A CONTRACT
Interpretation of words in a document
INTRA-PARTY DISPUTES
Invalid Contract of Sale of Land
Investment and Securities Tribunal
Investments
Investments and Securities Tribunal
Invoking the Writs of Certiorari and Mandamus in Electoral Matters
IP
Irregular Procedure/Procedural Irregularity
Irregular/Wrong Procedure
Irregularity
Irregularity in affairs of company
Irregularity of Order for Substituted Service
Irreparable injury
Islamic Law and Procedure
Islamic Marriage
Issuance of Fiat
Issuance of hearing notice
Issuance of Warrant of Arrest
Issuance/Service of Originating Process
Issuance/Service of Originating Process(es)
ISSUE ESTOPPEL
Issue Estoppel or Res Judicata
Issue for determination
Issue for Determination Must Be Predicated on Ratio Decidendi of Judgment Appealed Against
Issue in Dispute
ISSUE OF JURISDICTION
Issue of Statutory Limitation
Issue Raised Suo Motu
Issue(S) For Determination
Issues for Determination
Issues for determination must be anchored and formulated from valid grounds of appeal
ISSUES NOT RAISED
Issues of Political Appointee or public place holders
it cannot be overruled
It is not every inconsistency that is enough to destroy the credibility of a witness
It is not How the Cause of Action is Described That is Material But What Facts Have to be Averred
It is Not Only Named Plaintiff or Defendant that is Bound
It is not overriding public purpose to revoke in order to vest in another
It is Only the Affected Party That Can Allege Non-Compliance
It is Unnecessary to Plead Law
It is unnecessary to plead law statutes or sections before reliance can be placed on them
It is wrong for a court to refuse to consider counter-affidavit due to absence of deponent in court.
IT WILL SUFFICE IF A FAIR PROBABILITY OF A DEFENCE IS SHOWN OR A TRIABLE ISSUE IS RAISED
Joinder
Joinder as Co-Plaintiff/Claimant/Defendant
JOINDER AS CO-PLAINTIFF/CLAIMANT/DEFENDANTS
Joinder of Causes of Action
Joinder of parties
Joinder of Parties – Necessary Party
Joinder of Party
Joinder of Party(ies)
Joinder/Misjoinder
Joinder/Misjoinder Does Not Affect The Jurisdiction of The Party
Joinder/Misjoinder of Parties
Joining of Issues
Joint Admissions And Matriculation Board
Joint Construction of Documents
Joint Notice of Appeal
Joint Tortfeasors
Joint Trial of Accused Person
Joint Venture
Joint Venture Partnership
Judgement
Judgements
judgment
Judgment Against Non-Party
Judgment and Order
Judgment Debt
Judgment Debtor
Judgment in Rem
Judgment In Rem/Judgment In Personam
Judgment in the Undefended list
Judgment of Court
Judgment of court supersedes the certificate of Judgment
Judgment of Lower Court
Judgment operates as res judicata even though appeal is pending
Judgment or Order of Court
JUDGMENT OR ORDER OF COURT MUST BE OBEYED
JUDGMENT OR ORDER OF COURT SUBSIST UNTIL SET ASIDE
Judgment or Order of Court subsists and must be obeyed until set aside
Judgment/Order
judgments
Judgments in Foreign Currency
judgments.
Judicial Bias
judicial discretion
Judicial Division
Judicial Division to Commence An Action
JUDICIAL NOTICE
Judicial Notice of Statutes
Judicial Precedent
Judicial Precedent/ Stare Decisis
Judicial Precedent/Stare Decisis
Judicial Precedents
Judicial Precedents/Stare Decisis
Judicial review
Judicial Separation
jurisdiction
Jurisdiction court
Jurisdiction In The Process Of Adjudication
JURISDICTION OF COURT
JURISDICTION OF CUSTOMARY COURT
Jurisdiction of Election Petition Tribunal
Jurisdiction of Election Tribunal
Jurisdiction Of Federal High Court
Jurisdiction of State High Court
Jurisdiction of the court
Jurisdiction of the court of appeal
Jurisdiction Of The Customary Court Of Appea
Jurisdiction of the Election Petition Tribunal
Jurisdiction of the Federal High Court
Jurisdiction of the Federal High Court in the Grant of Declaratory Relief
Jurisdiction of the High Court
Jurisdiction of the Magistrate Court
Jurisdiction of the Medical and Dental Practitioners’ Disciplinary Tribunal to try offences
Jurisdiction of the National Industrial Court
Jurisdiction of the Sharia Court of Appeal
Jurisdiction of the State and Federal High Court
Jurisdiction of the State High Court
Jurisdiction of the State/Federal High Court
Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court
Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court to hear an Appeal from the LPDC
Jurisdiction over admiralty matters
Jurisdiction: Sharia Court of Appeal
Juristic Personality
Juristic Personality of Company or Incorporated Trustees
Justice
Justicia viltus in ut at perfectus quod futures pertectus
JV
Kidnapping
Kidnapping and Allied Offences
Labor Law
Labour law
Labour Law:Reinstatement of an Employee
Laches and acquiescence
Lack of jurisdiction of the court of appeal
Lacuna
land
Land acquisition
Land Certificate
land compensation
Land Dispute
Land instruments registration law of lagos state
Land Law
Land Law: Sale of Land under Customary Law
Land law/Claims to land
Land Ownership Dispute
Land Recovery
Land Registry
Land to which declaration relates must be ascertained with certainty before title to land is decreed – duty of a claimant
land trust
land valuation
Landlord and Tenant
Landlord and tenant dispute
Landlord and Tenant-Licensee
Lands Instrument Registration Law
Lashes and acquiescence
Latin Maxims
Law
Law of Agency in Commercial Law
Law of Contract
Law of Evidence
Law of Succession
Law of Tort
Lawful Termination of Employment
Lawyer
Lawyer to refrain from acts that adversely affect administration of justice
Lease
Lease Agreement
LEAVE OF COURT
Leave of Court Sought
Leave of Court to Appeal
Leave Of Court To Argue Grounds Of Facts Or Mixed Law And Facts
Leave Of Court/Leave To Appeal
Leave to appeal
Leave to file Additional Evidence
leave to issue the writ outside jurisdiction
Legal Interpretation
LEGAL PERSONALITY/JURISTIC PERSONALITY
Legal Practitioner
legal Practitioners Act
Legal Practitioners Disciplinary Committee
Legal proceedings cannot be commenced outside the period stipulated
Legal Representation
Legal status of the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission
legal-proof
Legislation
Legislative Power
Legislative Powers
legislature has the constitutional right to enact a statute and make it apply retrospectively
Length of Time Not Material Factor
Letter of Administration
Letter of Appointment
Letter of Credit (LC)
Letters of Administration
Liability for Wrongful Act
Liability in Contract
LIABILITY IN TORT
Liability of an Agent
Liability of Banker to Non-Customer for the Tort of Negligence
Liability of Partners
Liaison Office is Good Enough for Purposes of Service
Libel
Libel/Defamation
License
Life Tenancy
Lifting The Veil Of Incorporation
Likelihood of bias
limit to appeal
Limitation
Limitation Action
LIMITATION LAW
Limitation law of Lagos State
Limitation of Action
LIMITATION PERIOD
Limitation period for bringing an action for recovery of land
Limitations to Authority of Counsel
Lineal Descendants
Liquidation
Lis Pendens
Lis pendens or pendente lite
Lis Pendis
Literal Rule Of Interpretation
Literal Rule of Interpretation Effect of leave to appeal granted before the expiry of the time
Litigant has right to counsel of his choice and freedom to change counsel at any time
Litigant Should not Take Inordinate Time
Litigatio
Litigation
Litigation is fought on pleadings and evidence
Litigation is fought on pleadings and evidence on unpleaded facts goes to no issue No new issue is to be introduced in a reply
Loan Agreement
Local Government
Locus Criminis
locus in quo
Locus standi
long possession
lower court’s findings of facts
LTD
Machine Hire Agreement
Main Claim combined with claim under Fundamental Human Rights
Maintenance Agreement
Maintenance and Custody
Malice
malicious damage
malicious prosecution
Malpractice
Managing Director
Mandatory Injunction
Mandatory Sentence
Manner of obtaining document doesn’t render it inadmissible
Manslaughter
Marginal Notes
Maritime Claim
marraige
Marriage
Marriage Act
Master Must Pay for Breach
MASTER/SERVANT RELATIONSHIP
Material Averment not Specifically Denied by the Defendant in the Statement of Defence is Taken as Admitted
Material Contraditon
Material must be placed before the Court for the exercise of the Court’s Discretion
Matrimonal Action
Matrimonial cases
Matrimonial Causes Act
Matrimonial Causes-Maintenance
Matrimonial Proceeding(s)
Meaning
Meaning and definition of privies
Meaning and Effect of Locus Standi in an Appeal Case
Meaning and Nature of a Post-Dated Cheque
Meaning and Nature of Circumstantial Evidence
Meaning and Nature of Consent Judgment
Meaning and nature of locus standi
Meaning and proof of Special Damages
Meaning and Purpose of Appeal
Meaning of “Interested Person”
Meaning of a Trial Denovo
Meaning of a warranty
Meaning of Academic Suit
Meaning of and definition of privies
Meaning of Audi Alterem Partem
Meaning of cause of action
Meaning of Certification
Meaning of false imprisonment
Meaning of hearsay
Meaning of joint tortfeasors
Meaning of Jurisdiction
Meaning of miscarriage of justice
Meaning of Ownership
Meaning of Partnership
Meaning of Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt
Meaning of publication
Meaning of Statute Barred Action
Measure of Damages
Measure of damages in wrongful dismissal
Mediation
Medical Council Complaint
medical evidence
Medical Evidence Dispensed as to the Cause of Death
Medical Evidence in a Criminal Trial
medical evidence in murder cases
Medical Law
Medical negligence as an offence
Medical Report
Meetings
Memorandum and Articles of Association
Memorandum of Association
Memorandum of Understanding
Mens Rea
Mens Rea and Actus Reus
Mere Production of a Certificate of Occupancy by Itself Does Not Entitle a Party to a Declaration of Title
Mergers
Mesne Profit
Mesne Profits
Methods of proof of Global Satellite Mobile systems (gsm)
military law
Ministerial Discretion
Minority order of the Court of Appeal
Minutes of Meetings
Minutes of Meetings is not the Only Evidence of What Transpired in the Meetings
Minutes of the Meeting
Misappropriation of funds
Miscarriage of justice
Mischief Rule
Misconduct
Misdirection in Law
Misdirection of law
Misdirection without Miscarriage of Justice
Misjoinder
Misjoinder/Non-Joinder of Parties
Misjoinder/Non-joinder of Party(ies)
MisJoinder/NonJoinder of Parties
Misnomer
Misnomer/Waiver
Misrepresentation
Misrepresentation of Facts
Mistake In Judgment
Mistake of Counsel
Mistake Of Counsel/Court/Registry
Mistake of Court Official
Mistake/Error in Judgment
Mistake/Error of Court/Registry
Mistaken Identity
Mode of creation of family property
Modes of Commencement of Action in Civil Cases
Money judgement
Money laundering
Money Laundering (Prohibition) Act
Money Lenders Law
Money Lenders Law of Bayelsa State
Money Lending
Mortgage
mortgaged property
Motion
Motions
Motions – Motions Not Moved Are Deemed Abandoned
motor accident cases
Multiple Applications
Murder
Murder Case
Murder Conviction
must
Name Change
Name Search
National Assembly
National Assembly and Governorship Appeal
National Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA)
National Pension Commission
Native Law and Custom
Native laws and customs
Native/Customary Courts
Natural Justice
Nature and Consequences of Credit Sale Transaction
Nature and importance of a notice of appeal
Nature and Ingredients of Conversion
Nature and Meaning of Corroboration
Nature and Object of Undefended List Procedure
Nature and Purpose of Grounds of Appeal
Nature And Purpose Of Law Suit
Nature and Scope of General Damages
Nature and Scope of Omnibus Ground of Appeal
Nature and Treatment of Admissions
Nature of a Banker/Customer Relationship
Nature of a Cross-appeal
Nature of Acts of Ownership
Nature Of Appeal
Nature of Cheque
Nature of counter-claim
Nature of customary tenancy and when it can be determined
Nature of Demurrer
Nature of Election Petition Matters
nature of employment Power of Employer to suspend Employee
Nature of Garnishee Proceedings
Nature of Interpleader Proceedings
Nature of Order of Non-Suit
Nature of public document
Nature of Public Documents
Nature of relief on quantum meruit in contract
Nature of Remand Proceedings
Nature of Summary Trial
Nature of the offence of Conspiracy
Nature of the Right to Fair Hearing
NDA
Necessary Parties
Necessary party
Necessary Party(ies)
Need for justice over technicalities
Need for Justice Over Technicalities – Rules are Handmaid of Justice – Obedience Not to be Slavish
Need for justice over technicalities – Rules are Handmaid of justice.
Need to comply strictly with the procedure stipulated
Need to comply/ non-compliance
Need to comply/non compliance
Negligence
Negligence and Duty of Care
Negligence of Banker in Payment on Forged Cheque
negligence or other torts
Negligent Payment
Negotiation
negotiations
Nemo Dat Quod Non Habet
Nemo Judex in Causa Sua
Nigerian Bar Association
Nigerian Customary Law
Nigerian Electoral Law
Nigerian Law School
NIGERIAN POLICE FORCE
No Case Submission
No Jurisdiction
No Need to Seek Leave to Raise Issue of Jurisdiction Even on Appeal
No Requirement for Transaction to be in Writing
No Valid Appeal Can be Predicated Thereon
No valid or pending appeal
No-case Submission
NOLLUS COMMODUM CAPERE POTEST DE INJURIA SUA PROPRIA
Nominal damages
NOMINATION AND SPONSORSHIP OF CANDIDATE
Nomination and Sponsorship of Candidates
Nomination of Candidate
Non registration affects only legal and not equitable title
Non-compliance with rules of court
Non-compliance with statute
Non-Compliance with Statutory Provision for Service of Court Process(es)
Non-joinder of Parties
Non-party
Non-services of pre-action notice must be pleaded
None-Disclosure
Not all errors in Judgment result in the setting aside of the Judgment
Not ever fact pleaded that a party must lead evidence to
Not Every Fact Pleaded that a Party Must Lead Evidence On
Not Every Time There is Delay that Appeal is Allowed
Notes
Notice
Notice may be Oral
Notice of Acquisition
Notice of appeal
Notice of Discontinuance
Notice of Intention to Defend
Notice of Objection
Notice of Payment Into Court
Notice of preliminary objection
Notice of Prior Equity
Notice of Proceedings
Notice of revocation or acquisition
notice of trial
Notice to Quit
Notice(s) Of Appeal
Notices Of Appeal
Novation of Contract
nterlocutory Appeal
Nuisance
Null and Void Judgment/Order
Oath on a Witness
Obiter Dictum
Object of and method of raising Preliminary Objection
Object of award of damages
Object of the Illiterate Protection Act
Objection to jurisdiction
objection to the jurisdiction of Court
Obligation of mortgagee selling under power of sale
Occupation of the premises
OFFENCE OF ARMED ROBBERY
Offence of Attempted Armed Robbery
Offence of Conspiracy
Offence of Conspiracy to Commit Murder
Offence of Corruption
Offence of Criminal Force and Assault
Offence of Criminal Misappropriation
Offence of Criminal Trespass
Offence Of Culpable Homicide
Offence of Culpable Homicide not Punishable with Death Appeal
Offence of Culpable Homicide Punishable with Death
OFFENCE OF DANGEROUS DRIVING
Offence Of Dealing In Counterfeit And Fake Drugs
Offence of Defemation
Offence of Forgery
Offence Of Fraud
Offence of Gratification
Offence of Libel
Offence of Manslaughter
Offence Of Money Laundering
Offence Of Murder
Offence of Murder/Manslaughter
Offence Of Obtaining By False Pretences
Offence of Rape
Offence of Unlawful Possession of Narcotic Drug
Offer and acceptance
Office
Oil and Gas
Omnibus ground of appeal
Omnibus Grounds of Appeal
On Who Can Issue a Valid Notice to Quit
Only parties to contract can sue or be sued
Onus
Onus of Proof
Onus of proving that Governors Consent has been obtained
Opinion Evidence: Expert Witnesses
Options Available to an Aggrieved Party Where There s Breach of Warranty
Options Available to an Aggrieved Party Where There s Breach of Warranty
or debt recovery
OR SPECIFIC PERFORMANCE
Oral Argument
Oral evidence
Oral evidence cannot contradict a document evidencing a transaction
Oral evidence contradicting pleadings
Oral Evidence Or Document Based On Hearsay Evidence Is Hearsay Evidence
Oral Judgment
Oral Notice
Oral Partition
Oral/Documentary Evidence
ORDER 3 RULES 4(1) AND (2) OF THE COURT OF APPEAL RULES
Order for Dismissal/Non-Suit
Order for Stay of Execution
Order Nisi
Order of Certiorari
Order of Compensation
ORDER OF COURT
Order of Dismissal
Order of Injunction
Order of Interlocutory Injunction
Order of Mandamus
ORDER OF NON-SUIT
ORDER OF PRIORITY IN EQUITY
Order Of Re-Hearing
ORDER OF RE-RUN
ORDER OF RETRIAL
Order of Retrial/De Novo
Order Of Retrial/Trial De Novo
Order of Stay of Execution
ORDER OF STRIKING OUT
Order of Striking Out Suit
Orders of Certiorari and Prohibition
Origin and Nature of Mareva Injunction
original documents
Original of public document can be produced without certification
Originating Summon(s)
Originating summons
Originating Summons to Commence an Action
Ouster clause does not protect nullity
Ouster of jurisdiction
Ouster Statute
Over Voting
Overdraft
overriding public interest
Overriding Public Purpose
Overseas
Ownership of land
Parol Evidence
Parole evidence
PART 1 OF THE FOREIGN JUDGMENTS (RECIPROCAL ENFORCEMENT) ACT CAP. 152 LFN
Part Payment of Purchase Price
PART PERFORMANCE
Partial Intestacy
PARTICULARS OF GROUND OF APPEAL
Particulars of Grounds of Appeal
Particulars of offence
Parties
Parties are bound by their pleadings
Parties bound by decision of Arbitrator
Parties bound by terms of contract
Parties that can Institute Criminal Proceedings
Parties to an Action
Parties to an Action – Juristic Personality
Parties to an action.
PARTIES TO AN ELECTION PETITION
Parties To An Election Petition Joinder Of Parties
Parties To Appeal
parties to contract
Partition of Family Land
Partitioning of Family Land
Partnership
Partnership Agreement
Party Constitution
Party – Exceptions
Party Acting for Non-Existing Company
Party Cannot Seek to Rely on Agency as Defence Without Pleading it Defendant Must Plead Facts that He Relies Upon
Party having taken benefit under a contract cannot seek to avoid it on the ground that the contract is void
Party who fails to object to admissibility of document during trial precluded on appeal
Party(ies) To An Action
Patent
paternity
Paternity of a Child
Payment Dispute
payment for part performance of a contract
Payment Of Filing/Legal/Court Fees
Payment of tribute not an invariable condition of customary tenancy
Pecuniary/Non-Pecuniary Loss
Penal Code
Pension Reform Act
Per Incuriam Decisions
Per Rem Judicatam/Res Judicata Incorporation Of Trustees
Period of Gestation
Period within which to Appeal against a Final/Interlocutory Decision
Permits
Perpetual Injunction
Person Alleging Misjoinder Must Act Timeously
Person Who Has Benefited from a Loan Cannot Allege Same to be Null and Void
Personal Liability of an Agent for money received for the use of his Principal
Personal Liberty
PERVERSE DECISION
Perverse Finding(s)/Decision(s)
Perverse Findins
Petition
Petition for Nullity
photocopies
Photocopy of Certified true copy needs no further certification
Place for Service
Plaintiff entitled to rely on aspects of defendant’s case which supports his own
Plaintiff is entitled to lead evidence through his own witness or by cross examination of the defendant’s witness
Plaintiff must succeed on the strength of his case
Plea
Plea bargain
Plea of Alibi
Plea of Estoppel
plea of estoppel per rem judicatam
Plea of Guilt
Plea of Guilt by an Accused
Plea of guilty
Plea of laches and acquiescence
Plea of Non est Factum
Pleading
Pleadings
Pledge under Customary law
Point of law
Police Investigation
political office holders
Political parties
Political Party
Political Party can Substitute One Candidate for Another
Political Party Primaries
Political Party Regulations
Polling Agents
Port Facilities
Position of the law as regards contradictions in evidence
Position of the Law as Regards Non-Compliance with Statutory Provision for Service of Court Process(es)
Position of the law on a no case submission
Position of the law where a statute prescribes a particular mode of performing a particular action
Possession
Possession – Survey Beacons Constitute Acts of Possession
Possession can be through a third party
Possession of fire arms
Possession of land
Possession/Ownership
Post-Election Litigations
Power of Appellate Court
Power of Appellate Court to Exclude Wrongfully Admitted Evidence
Power of Appellate Court to Exclude Wrongfully Admitted Evidence
Power of Attorney
Power of Attorney-General
Power Of Court
Power of Court to correct clerical mistakes and accidental slips
Power of Court to Enter Judgment for Monetary Damage
Power of Court to Make Consequential Orders
Power of Court to Make Supplemental Orders
Power of Employer to suspend Employee
Power of Governor to Revoke Right of Occupancy
Power of Sale
Power Of Supreme Court
Power of the Attorney-General
Power of the Attorney-General to Institute or Undertake Criminal Proceedings
Power of the Supreme Court to Strike out an Appeal
Power to Set Aside
POWER(S) OF STATE GOVERNOR
Powers of a Court
POWERS OF COURT
Powers of the Attorney General
Practice and procedure
Practice Direction
Pre- Action Notice
PRE-ACTION NOTICE
Pre-Election and Election Matters
Pre-Election Matter
Pre-Election Matters
PRE-HEARING NOTICE
Pre-Hearing Session
Pre-Hearing Sessions
Pre-Incorporation Contracts
Pre-Judgment Interest
Pre-Trial
Pre-Trial Conference
Pre-Trial/Case Management Conference
Preferrimg a Charge
Prejudgment interest
Preliminary Objcetion
Preliminary objection
Preliminary objection in demurrer proceedings
Preliminary Objection To An Appeal
Preliminary objection to be moved before the hearing of substantive appeal
Preliminary Objection without a Separate Notice
Preliminary objections
Premises
Prerogative Writ of Habeas Corpus Ad Subjiciendum
Prerogative writs
Prerogative writs cannot be used to quash legislative or executive acts.
present in Court
Presentation of Election Petition
Presidential Candidacy
Presumption of Correctness
Presumption of Due Execution of Document
PRESUMPTION OF FACTS
Presumption of Genuineness
PRESUMPTION OF GENUINENESS OF A DOCUMENT
Presumption of genuineness of certified true copy of public document
Presumption Of Innocence
Presumption Of Law
Presumption of Legitimacy
Presumption of ownership
PRESUMPTION OF REGULARITY
Presumption of Regularity for Official or Judicial Acts
Presumption of Regularity for Official or Judicial Acts Carried Out
Presumptions
Prima facie case
Primary Election Dispute
Primary Election Disputes
Primary Elections Dispute
Principal rights of the owner of goods in a hire purchase agreement
Principal/Agent Relationship
Principle for suing in representative capacity
Principle governing amendment of pleadings
Principle governing construction of general and specific provisions in a statute.
Principle governing the formation of a contract
Principle guiding Claim of Interest
Principle of Causation
Principle of Quantum Meruit Available to Prevent Unjust Enrichment
Principle of Stare Decisis
principle of Starre Decisis does not mean ratio must be applied across board
Principle of The Rule In Foss v. Harbottle
Principles for Grant
Principles for Grant of Order of Stay of Execution
Principles Governing the Grant or Refusal of an Application for Interlocutory Injunction
Principles Guiding Agency Relationship
Principles guiding formulation of issues
Principles guiding Interpretation of Document
Principles Guiding the Award of Special Damages
Principles guiding the Grant of Mareva Injunction
Principles involved in Interpretation of a Contract
Principles involved in the Interpretation of a Contract
principles of equity
Principles of Fair Hearing
Principles of Granting a Stay of Proceedings
Principles of law that govern the setting aside of a judgment
Principles of Law with respect to a Contract of Sale of Goods
Principles on Setting aside a Judgment
Principles Regarding Award of Cost
Principles that guide the court in making an order of retrial/trial de novo
Principles to be borne in mind considering an application for stay of proceeding
Prior Consent of Governor
Priority of Hearing
Priority of hearing of multiple applicatuins
Privilege/Qualified Privilege
Privity of contract
Probate
Probate and Estate
PROBATIONARY PERIOD
Probative Value of Minutes of Meetings
PROCEDURAL IRREGULARITY
Procedure for Dismissal or Removal of a Director
Procedure for Endorsing a Writ of Summons
Procedure for Setting Aside Judgment of Court
Procedure in statute must be followed
procedure to set aside judgment of court
Procedure unsuitable for contentious action
Proceedings
Proceedings are a nullity
Processes filed out of time
Product Liability
Production of documents of title
Proforma Invoice and Memorandum of understanding
Proforma Invoice and Memorandum of Understanding are not Contracts
Prohibition And Certiorari Can Be Used In Commencing Election Or Election Related Matters
Proliferation Of Issues
Promissory Note
Pronouncement Not to be Made on Substantive Case
Proof
Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt
Proof by traditional evidence must be conclusive
Proof of Commission of Crime in civil cases
Proof Of Crime
Proof of crime- guilt of accused person
Proof of crime/commission of offence
Proof of Custom/Customary Law
Proof of Customary Law
Proof of Delivery of Document
Proof of Evidence
Proof of Facts
Proof of ownership of land
Proof of right of occupancy
Proof of Root of Title
Proof of Service of Court Processes
Proof of Service of Hearing Notice
Proof of Title
Proof of Title Land Identity
Proof of Title of Land
PROOF OF TITLE TO LAND
Proof of Title to Land through Circumstantial Evidence
Proof of traditional history based on hearsay Evidence
Proper Court to File Pre-Election Matters
Proper Mode Of Service Of Processes On A Company
PROPER PARTIES
Proper Parties Error/Mistake In Judgment
proper parties must be before the court
Proper Party
Proper Time To Institute Pre-Election Matters
Proper Venue to File a Notice Of Appeal
Proper/Necessary Parties
PROPER/NECESSARY PARTY(IES)
Property
Property dispute
property Disputes
Property law
Property ownership
Property possession
Protection Act
Provision of an Interpreter
Provocation Defense
Public Associations
Public Document
Public document – meaning of certification
Public Enterprises
Public interest
Public Interest and Human Rights Litigation
Public Officer
PUBLIC OFFICERS
Public Officers (Protection) Act/ Law
Public Officers Protection Act
Public Officers Protection Act in Contractual Disputes
Public Officers Protection Act/Law
Publication
Publication in gazette
purchase
Purchase Price
Purchaser Acquires Equitable Interest
Purpose and effect of a preliminary objection
Purpose of a Reply Brief
Purpose of Amendment is not to Create a Fresh Suit
Purpose of cross-examination
purpose of pleadings
Purpose of Service
Purpose/Function of a Reply Brief
Pursuing the same relief in two divisions of the court is an abuse of process
Qualification of an Estate Agent
Qualification/Disqualification of Candidate
Qualification/Disqualification of Electoral Candidate
Qualified Privilege
Qualities of a Good Brief of Argument
Quasi-Judicial Capacity
quit notice
Quorum for Meetings
Quorum of an Election Petition Tribunal
Raising an Issue Suo Motu by a Court
Raising Fresh Issues in Appeal Cases
Raising Fresh Points on Appeal
Raising Issue(s) Suo Motu
Raising Issues suo moto
Raising Suo Moto
Ransom Demand
Rape
Rape conviction
Rape of a Minor
Rate of Interest
Ratification of Contract
Ratio Decidendi
Ratio Decidendi and Obiter Dictum
Ratio Decidendi/Obiter Dictum
Rational behind requirement for Pre-Action Notice
Rationale for the Doctrine of Res Judicata
Re-Calling of Witnesses
Re-hearing
Re-Hearing of Appeal
RE-RUN ELECTION
Reading of Charge
Real Parties to the Contract
Real Property
Real property rights
reallocated to another individual or is not public purpose
Reallocation of property
Reason for Judgment
Reasonable cause of action is determined from the statement of claim
Reasonable Doubt
Rebuttable Presumption of the Commission of Crime
Receiver Appointment
Receiver/Manager
Receiving stolen property
Recitals
Reckless And Negligent Acts
Recognition of Family Head
Recognized Payment Devices under the Sale of Goods Act: Cheques
Record of appeal
Record of Court Proceedings
RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS
Record(s) Of Court
Records of Court
Records of proceedings
Recovery of Charges by Legal Practitioners
Recovery of loan
Recovery of money
Recovery of premises
Rectification of contract
Registerable instrument
Registration
registration of an estate
Registration of Design
Registration Of Foreign
Registration of foreign Judgment
REGISTRATION OF INSTRUMENT
Registration of registrable instrument
REGISTRATION OF TITLE
Registration/ Non-Registration of Title to Land and Effect
Registration/Non-Registration of Title to Land and Effect
Regulation of interest rate by Central Bank
Regulations
Regulatory Compliance
Reinstatement
Reinstatement of an Employee
Relationship between banker and customer
Relationship Between Banker and Customer is Debtor and Creditor
Relationship Between Banker and Customer is Fiduciary
Relationship between Master and Servant
Release of Result
relevance and admissibility
Relevance Governs Admissibility; Admissibility Distinct from Weight
RELEVANT FACTS/EVIDENCE
Relief not claimed
Relief or remedy provided under the wrong law
Relief to be specifically stated. Prayer “for such further order” will be refused
Reliefs not claimed in the statement of claim
Reliefs not claimed in the writ of summons
Relisting of appeal
Remedies Available for Wrongful Termination of a Contract of Employment
Rendering Account
renewal
Renewal of Lease
Renewal of Writ of Summons
Rent
Repayment of Debt
Reply
Reply Brief
Reply brief is not a repetition of appellant brief or a re-emphasis
Representative action
Representative Capacity
Representative Capacity in Legal Actions
Requirement of laying foundation for reception of secondary evidence
Requirement of the Law as Regards Notice of Appeal
Requirements for a Valid Arraignment
Requirements for a Valid Arraignment/Taking of Plea
Requirements for Filing a Petition
Requirements for Grounds of Appeal
Res
Res Gestae or Dying Declaration
Res Ipsa Loquitur
Res Judicata
Rescission of Contract
Research
RESIGNATION
Resolving Conflicts in Traditional Evidence
Respondent Notice
respondent’s notice
Respondent’s Notice
Respondent’s Reply Brief
Respondents Notice
Resting case
Restitution
Restriction on Bank Account
Result Sheet Requirement
Retirement
Retoactive laws which criminal penalties are affront to liberty
Retraction of a Confessional Statement
Retraction of Confessional Statement
retrial
Retroactive laws which impose criminal penalties are an affront to liberty
Retrospective Legislation
Retrospectivity
Revenue Of Government Of The Federation
Reversal of Decision
REVIEW OF JUDGMENT
Revocation of Agency
Revocation of Land Title
Revocation of licence
Revocation of right of occupancy
Revocation of Statutory Right of Occupancy
Right of a Beneficiary under a Letters of Administration over a Beneficiary on Life Insurance Policy
Right of a Defendant to an Interpreter
Right of a Mortgagee to Exercise Power of Sale of a Mortgage Property
Right of a party
Right of a Patent
Right of Access to Court
Right of action against candidate
Right Of An Accused Person
Right of An Unpaid Seller
Right Of Appeal
Right of appeal in a pre-election and election matters
Right of association
Right Of Audience
Right of Bank to Charge Interest on Facility
Right of Fair Hearing
Right of Occupancy
Right of party to appeal
Right of sale
RIGHT TO ACQUIRE AND OWN PROPERTY
Right to Defence/Legal Representation
Right to fair hearing
Right to Fair Hearing Imposes a Correlative Duty on the Parties
Right to Liberty
Right To Life
RIGHT TO PERSONAL LIBERTY
Right to Privacy
RIGHT TO SILENCE
Rights of an Accused Person
robbery
ROC
Role Of The Courts To Ensure Substantial Justice Is Done
Root of Title
Rule against proliferation of issues
Rule in Foss v Harbottle
Rule In Smith V. Selwyn
Rule of Court on Representative Action
Rule of Interpretation of Document/Judgment
Rule of Law
Rules 6 And 9(1) Of The Finance Law (Appeals) (High Court) Rules
Rules Guiding Adjournment of a Court Process
Rules of Audi Alteram Partem
Rules of Court
Rules Of Court/Statutory Provision
RULES OF INTERPRETATION OF CONSTITUTION
Rules Of Interpretation Of Statute
Rules of Professional Conduct
Rules on Common Intention to Commit a Crime
Rules on Interpretation of Statute
Sale by family head without consent of family is voidable
Sale of Family Property/Land
Sale of Good
Sale of Goods
Sale of land
Sale of land by family member who is not the head of the family
Sale of Land under Customary Law
Sale of Land under Native Law and Custom
Sale or Lease of Family Land
Sales of Goods Law
Sanctity of Contract
Sanctity of Contracts
search
Searches
Secondary Evidence
Section 110(2) of the Ports Act
Section 146(1) of the electoral act
SECTION 16(1) AND (2) OF THE ARBITRATION ACT
Section 174(1) Of The Constitution
Section 179(1) of the Criminal Procedure Act
SECTION 201(1) AND (2) OF THE 1999 CONSTITUTION
Section 251(1)(d) Of The 1999 Constitution
Section 3(1)(d) Of The Failed Bank (Recovery Of Debts And Financial Malpractices) Decree No. 18 Of 1994
Section 31 of the National Provident Fund Act
Section 33(1) of the 1979 constitution
Section 383(1) & (2) Of The Criminal Code
Section 44(1) Of The 1999 Constitution
Section 63(3) Of The Companies And Allied Matters Act
Section 68 Of The Minerals Act
Section 7 of the Trade Marks Act
Section 81 Of The Armed Forces Decree
Section 84 Electoral Act, 2022
Sections 4(1)(2) And 51 Of The Income Tax Law
Securities
Securities Issuance
Securities Regulation
Seizure
SELECTION/APPOINTMENT OF CHIEFS
Self Defence
Self Defense
Self-Defence
Self-Defense
Self-help Eviction
Self-representation by Counsel
Sentence
sentence agreement
Sentencing
sentencing by a Court Martial
Separation of Powers
Service of Court Process
Service of court process(es)
Service of Court Process(es) under Section 97 of Sheriffs and Civil Process Act
Service of court processes
Service of Hearing Notice
service of notice
Service of Processes
Service of the Writ
Service on the Branch Manager of the Defendant is proper by 1990 Act (CAMA)
Setting aside
Setting aside Judgement/Order
Setting aside judgment
Setting Aside Judgment/Order
Setting Aside of the Judgment
Settlement
Shall
Share Buybacks
Share Capital
Shareholder Disputes
Shareholder’s Meetings
Shareholders Agreement
Shares
Sheriff and Civil Process Act
Shipping and Admiralty
Signature by an unknown proxy
signature on a document
Signature verification
Signing of Court Process(es)
Signing of Court Processes
Signing of Notice of Appeal by Counsel
SIMPLE CONTRACT
Sitting and Vacation of Court
slander
Software
Solicitor
Source of Jurisdiction of Court
SPDC
special circumstance justifying grants
Special Damages
SPECIAL/GENERAL DAMAGES
specific performance
Speculation
Stamp/Seal
Standard Of Proof
Standard of Proof in An Election Petition Cases
Standard of Proof in Civil Cases
Standard of Proof of Allegation of Crime in Civil Cases
Standard of proof required in criminal cases
Stare decisis
Statement in Support
Statement Made By Interested Party
Statement made without Prejudice
Statement of Account
Statement of Account alone is insufficient to prove debit balance Award of Compound Interest on Overdraft.
Statement of Claim
statement of claim supersedes a writ of summons
Statement of Claim with Alternative Claim/ Ancillary Claim
Statement of Claim/Writ for Summons
Statement of Claim/Writ of Summons
Statement of Defence
Statement of offence
Status not repealed by implication but by law
Status of Concurring Judgment
Status of judgement debtor in garnishee proceeding
Status of Judgment Debtor in garnishee proceedings
Status of practice direction
Status of Practice Directions
Statute barred
STATUTE BARRED ACTION
Statute of limitation
Statute of limitation in Native law and custom
Statute of Limitations
Statutes Not Repealed by Implication but by Law
Statutes of General Application Before 1990
Statutes of Limitation
Statutes or Sections Before Reliance Can Be Placed on Them
Statutory and Marriage Under Customary Law
Statutory Definition of “Federation” and “State”
Statutory Definition Of “Goods
Statutory Definition of a Contract of Sale
statutory interpretation
Statutory Meaning of “Terms of Years Absolute”
Statutory Notices
STATUTORY PROVISION
Statutory Provisions as regards Parties to an Offence
Statutory Provisions as Regards Time Limit for Police Investigation of the Offence of Armed Robbery
Statutory right of occupanc
Statutory right of occupancy
Statutory Tenant
Stay of execution
Stay of execution of judgement
Stay of execution of judgment
Stay of Judgment
Stay of proceedings
Stay of proceedings is entirely at the discretion of the court
Stay of Proceedings pending Arbitration
stealing
Stipulated Notice
Stood down
Sub-lease
sublease
Submission of False information to INEC
Subpoena Duces Tecum
substantial justice
Substantial Performance
Substantive Law
Substantive law governs determination of a cause of action
Substitution of a party
Substitution of candidate
Substitution of Nominated Candidates
Substitution of Parties
Succession
suing in a representative capacity
Summaries
Summary judgment
Summary Judgment Procedure
Summary Trial
Summary Trial in a Magistrate Court
summons
Supremacy of the Constitution
Supreme court
Survey
Survey Plan
Survival of personal or representative action.
Suspension from Employment
Suspension of Director does not deprive him of protection of S266 CAMA
Tainted Witnes
Tainted Witness
Taking of Plea
Taraba State Gubernatorial Election
Taxation
Taxation of Costs
Technical Justice
Technicalities
Telecommunications
Tenancy
Tenancy Agreements
Tenancy at Sufferance
TENANCY AT WILL
Tenancy Law
tenant
Tenant-Landlord Relationship
Tender the Local Language Version of Statement
Tendering of Weapon of Crime in a Criminal Trial
Tendering of Weapons of Crime
TENURE OF OFFICE
Terminate a Contract of Employment According to Agreement
Termination
Termination of Contract
Termination of Contract of Employment
Termination of employment
Termination of the Appellant’s employment
Terms Of Contract
Terms of Contract Binding on the Parties
TERRITORIAL JURISDICTION
Territorial Jurisdiction of State High Court
Territorial Jurisdiction of State High Courts
Territorial Legislation
Test of admissibility
Testamentary Capacity
Testimony
Tests for Determining the Truth or Weight to Attach to a Confessional Statement
Tests for Determining the Truth or Weight to Attach to a Confessional Statement before a Court can Convict on Same
The affidavit in support of notice of intention to defend must show or disclose enough facts to satisfy a reasonable tribunal that the defendant has a defence to the action.
the court can refer to any portion of it and not only the page tendered
The court does not aid the indolence
The Court has a right to look at a document in the file which was not tendered as an exhibit
The Court is to Effect the Intention of the Parties
The Criminal Procedure Code
The customary law of Awka
The Defendant must specifically traverse /deny any allegation of fact in the statement of claim
The Doctrine Applies Irrespective of Notice
The Doctrine Applies Only to Real Property Not to Personal Property
The Doctrine Binding Whether or Not Purchaser Had Notice of Pending Proceedings
The Doctrine of Stare Decisis
The employee has a right to salary during the period of suspension
The evidence of a witness can be believed in part
The Federal High Court lacks jurisdiction over contracts
The Federal Mortgage Bank as an Agency of the Federal Government
The Interpretation Act
The interpretation of Section 7(1) of the 1999 Constitution
The justification for admission being the best evidence
The nature and effect of grant of stay of proceedings
The Offence of Conspiracy/Murder
The principle and nature of a confirmed credit
The proper way to draft a ground of appeal
The purpose of amendment is not to create a fresh suit or add an entirely new cause of action
The Registration of Titles Act
The Rule in Rylands v Fletcher
The Slip Rule
The Tort of Defamation
The Value of a General Traverse of an Important and Material Allegation
There is a breach of duty where public body fails to comply with procedure
There Should be Consistency by Party in Prosecuting Case at Trial Court and on Appeal
Third Party Proceedings
Time Limit for Filing an Appeal against the Decision of the Election Petition Tribunal
Time limit for hearing and determination of an election petition
Time Limit Within Which The Court Can Hear And Dispose Of An Appeal In A Pre-Election Matter
Timeframe
title
Title Deeds
TITLE TO LAND
Title to property
Title/Ownership of land
to Obviate Further Disputes and in Interest of Justice
tort
Tort Law
Tort of Defamation
Tort of Libel
Tort of Negligence
torts
Trade Dispute
Trademark
Trademark dispute
Trademarks
TRADITIONAL EVIDENCE
Traditional evidence not determined by demeanor of witnesses
Traditional evidence to proof title to land
Traditional evidence/history
Traditional History
Traditional Rulership
Training
Transfer
TRANSFER OF A JUDGE
Transfer Of A Judge Brief Of Argument
Transfer of cases between courts
Transfer of Cases from Federal High Court to State High Court
Transfer of cases from one judge to the other
TRAVERSE
Trespass
Trespass and Recovery of Possession
Trespass of land
Trespass to Land
trespass to land
Trial
Trial Court
Trial within Trial
trust
Ubi jus ibi remedium
Unappealed Decisions
Unappealed Finding(s)/Decision(s)
Unchallenged and unrebutted evidence
Unchallenged and unrebutted evidence is established
Unchallenged evidence
Unchallenged Evidence as to the Qualification of an Expert
Unchallenged/uncontroverted evidence
Uncontradicted Facts
Uncontroverted Evidence
Uncontroverted Facts in an Affidavit Evidence
Undated Document
Undefended list
Undefended List Procedure
Undertaking as to Damages
Undervaluing a property is insufficient to vitiate a sale in absence of fraud
Unenforceable Contract
Unincorporated association
Unincorporated Entity
Unincorporated Entity Can Sue By Representative Action
Unlawful Arrest
UNLAWFUL ARREST AND DETENTION
unlawful assembly
Unlawful Detention
Unlawful entry to land
Unlawful Occupation
Unlawful Possession of Firearms and Ammunition
Unlawful Possession of Narcotic Drug
Unliquidated Damages
Unpleaded Evidence
Unpleaded facts
Unregistered Land to a Purchaser for Value without Notice
Use of police in cases of Breach of Contract and as debt collection agents
Utility
VACANCY IN A CHIEFTAINCY POSITION
Valid arraignment
Valid Money Lenders License
Valid Sale of Land under Native Law and Custom
validity
Validity of a Will
Validity of an election
VALIDITY OF CONTRACT
Validity of document executed by a party without locus
Validity of Effect of a Dissenting Judgment
Validity of Election Petition
Validity of Jurisdiction of the Federal High Court
Validity of Marriage
Validity Of Originating Process
Validity of Record of Proceedings in an Appeal Case
Validity of Service of Notice to Quit
Validity of Service of Notice to Quit Longer than the Statutorily Required Period
Validity of Service of Notice to Quit Shorter than the Statutorily Required Period
Validity of the Mortgage Deed
Validity of Will
Valuation
valuation of sale consideration
Value Added Tax Act
Variation of Conditions for Stay
Variation of Judgment
Veil of incorporation of a company
Vested Interest
Vested Right
Vicarious Liability
Visit to Locus in Quo
Visit to the Locus In Quo
void act/transactions
Void Acts/Transactions
Void Marriage
Voidable contract
Voluntary Confession in Criminal Cases
Wages for Services
Waiver
Waiver in Contract
WAIVER OF RIGHT
Want of Diligent Prosecution
Warranty
Ways of proving the offence of murder
Ways of proving title to land
Weight of Evidence
What a Party Must Show To Establish Locus Standi
What amounts to a substantial question of law
What amounts to credible evidence
What Constitutes a Final Judgment
wHAT CONSTITUTES QUESTION OF LAW IN A GROUND OF APPEAL
When a Court declines Jurisdiction
When a public body fails to comply with procedural safeguards
When a Trial within Trial be Conducted
When an Arbitral Award can be set aside
When and how to raise objections to the grants of letters of administration
When can demurrer be raised
When cause of action accrues
When court will refuse to set aside arbitral award
When culpable homicide will not be punishable with death
When Equitable Interest Will Prevail Over Legal Estate
When not to serve a pre-action notice
When objection to Jurisdiction can be raised
When order of joinder should be made
When Police/Individuals will be liable for complaint
When the eldest son will be entitled to take inheritance of the Igiogbe under Benin/bini Customary law
When to raise an Objection to the Jurisdiction of a Court
Where a document is tendered as an exhibit
Where a party hires a council who has rendered service to the opposing party
Where a party is an physical possession of land the law presumes him to be owner thus shifting burden of proof
Where a party states the wrong law
Where a party states the wrong law court is to entertain application on its meri
Where aclaim for declaration of title fails
Where an Admission was made Unintentionally
Where answers are elicited under cross-examination
Where applicant fails to put material before the court application should be struck out
Where Breach of Fair Hearing Proceeding is Liable to be Declared a Nullity
WHERE CO-PLAINTIFF SEEKS TO WITHDRAW AS PLAINTIFF A PERSON CANNOT
Where Consent Judgment Entered by Counsel is Valid
Where Contract is Terminated Wrongfully
where Customary tenant denies overlord’s title
Where Defendant Took a Step in the Proceedings it has Waived its Right to Object to Service
Where Document is Clear and Unambiguous
where interest not claimed but facts pleaded
Where issue not previously determined by the court
Where Jurisdiction Not Genuinely Raised Stay Not Granted
Where material contradictions in evidence of a party court is to reject entire evidence
Where no Jurisdiction
Where Notice of Appeal is Abandoned or Invalid
Where oral evidence will throw light on a document
Where Parties Filed a joint Petition
Where special provision in a statute is followed by a general provision
where survey plan can be dispensed with
Where the adversary fails to cross-examine
Where the Defendant Relies on a Special Defence
Where the Federal Government Agency is not the main or only Defendant
Where the Interpretation of a Statute will Defeat its Objective; the Court will Lean in Favour of the Object
Where there is conflict in the evidence of expert
Where there is conflict in the evidence of experts
Where there is no valid or pending appeal
Where two parties claim possession/ownership
Whether a buyer is under a duty to ensure that a credit is issued within a reasonable time to the seller if the mode of payment agreed upon is that of a documentary credit
Whether a court can revive a matter it has struck out
Whether a ground of appeal which involves a question of law alone can sustain the notice of appeal
Whether a Void Marriage is still a Marriage Recognised by Law
Whether acceptance under a letter of credit precludes the buyer from rejecting the goods
Whether court must grant stay of proceedings once jurisdiction is raised
Whether Election Or Issuance Of Certificates Of Return In An Election Process May Be Questioned By Way Of A Petition At An Election Tribunal
Whether failure to exhaust administrative remedies ousts the jurisdiction of the Court
Whether Failure to Tender a Letter of Appointment will be Fatal to a Case
Whether Foreign Law is a Question of Fact That Must be Pleaded
Whether Grounds of appeal is sufficient to sustain a notice of appeal.
Whether identification parade is not necessary
Whether parties can consent to admission of inadmissible evidence
Whether Party is Bound to Give Evidence in his Own Case
Whether Prerogative Writs Such As Mandamus
Whether the appellant’s case was premature
Whether the fundamental rights enforcement rules are applicable to matrimonial cases
Whether the Merits of a Matter can be taken at Interlocutory Stage
Whether the repeal of an enactment would affect the right of a person which existed before the repeal of the enactment
Who can issue a valid notice to quit
Who has the duty to establish identity of land
Who Should Certify a Public Document
will
Willful Misconduct
Wills
Wills and Probate
WINDING UP
Winding-Up of a company
Withdrawal
Withdrawal of Appeal
Withdrawal of Document before Delivery of Ruling
WITHHOLDING EVIDENCE
Witness
Witness credibility
Witness examinations
Witness Statement
Witness Statement must be adopted/confirmed to become evidence
Witness Statement on Oath
witnesses
Writ of Execution
Writ of Summons
Writ of Summons and Statement of Claim
Writ of Summons/Statement of Claim
Writ to be served outside jurisdiction
WRITING OF JUDGMENT
Written Address
Written contract
Written Statement of Oath
wrongful acts
Wrongful Admission/Rejection Of Evidence
Wrongful Alienation
Wrongful Dismissal
WRONGFUL DISMISSAL OF AN EMPLOYEE
Wrongful Dismissal of Employee
Wrongful Ejection. Forceful Eviction.
WRONGFUL TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT
YORUBA NATIVE LAW AND CUSTOM
Zoning
Zoning and Rotation Principle
